Abstract. Besung INK, Watiniasih NL, Mahardika GNK, Agustina KK, Suwiti NK. 2019. Mineral levels of Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) from four different types of land in different rearing areas in Bali, Nusa Penida, and Sumbawa Islands (Indonesia). Biodiversitas 20: 2931-2936. This study aims to prove that the mineral level of Bali cattle in serum is dependent on the origin and raising habitat. Serum samples were collected from three islands in Indonesia, i.e. Bali, Nusa Penida, and Sumbawa. Samples from Bali were further classified into four different areas (i.e. agroforestry, perennial plantation, horticultural plantation, and rice field). Blood samples were collected in the jugular vein without anticoagulant. The contents of macrominerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, P) and microminerals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn) were measured using the flame method in atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that the level of phosphor (P) macromineral and all microminerals under study were influenced by the origin of cattle. The macrominerals are statistically varied in different cattle raising environments. The same is also valid for all microminerals, with an exception of Fe. All mineral levels under study were statistically equal in male and female Bali cattle. Phosphor macromineral and all microminerals levels were origin and environment-dependent. Supplementation of deficient minerals in a certain area and land type is recommended to improve the performance of Bali cattle.

Aim:Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) are an Indonesian’s native cattle breed that distributed in Asia to Australia. The scientific literature on these cattle is scarce. The growth hormone (GH) of Bali cattle is investigated from three separated islands, namely, Bali, Nusa Penida, and Sumbawa.Materials and Methods:Forty plasma samples were collected from each island, and the GH was measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The data were analyzed based on the origin, sex, and cattle raising practices.Results:We found that the GH level (bovine GH [BGH]) of animal kept in stall 1.72±0.70 µg/ml was higher than free-grazing animal 1.27±0.81 µg/ml. The GH level was lower in female (1.22±0.62 µg/ml) compared to male animals (1.77±0.83 µg/ml).Conclusion:We conclude that the level of BGH in Bali cattle was low and statistically equal from all origins. The different level was related to sex and management practices. Further validation is needed through observing the growth rate following BGH administration and discovering the inbreeding coefficient of the animal in Indonesia.

ObjectiveStreptococcus suis (S. suis) is a causative agent for various syndromes in pigs. It can be transmitted to humans with typical symptoms of meningitis and death. Although human infections have been confirmed at Bali Referral Hospital, Indonesia, since 2014, the bacteria have not been isolated from pigs. Here, we provide confirmation of the presence of the bacteria in sick pigs in the province.ResultsStreptococcus suis was confirmed in 8 of 30 cases. The final confirmation was made using PCR and sequencing of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and recombination/repair protein (recN) gene fragments. Upon PCR serotyping, two were confirmed to be serotype 2 or 1/2. Prominent histopathological lesions of confirmed cases were meningitis, endocarditis, pericarditis, bronchopneumonia, enteritis and glomerulonephritis. The dominant inflammatory cells were neutrophils and macrophages. Further research is needed to understand the risk factors for human infection. Community awareness on the risk of contracting S. suis and vaccine development are needed to prevent human infections.

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ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian Cross Sectional tentang prevalensi Escherichia coli pada saluran pernapasan bagian atas sapi bali menurut tingkat kedewasaan (pedet, dara, dewasa) dan perbedaan geografis (dataran rendah dan tinggi). Metode isolasi dan identifikasi menurut Carter dan Cole dengan modifikasi dan kepekaan terhadap antibiotika sulfametoksasol, ampisilin, dan oksitetrasiklin menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby dan Bauer. Dari 120 sampel usap hidung sapi bali, berhasil diisolasi 14/120 (11,66%) E. coli. Berdasarkan tingkat kedewasaan, pada sapi pedet ditemukan 7/120 (5,83%), dara 3/120 (2,50%), dan dewasa 4/120 (3.33%). Berdasarkan letak geografis pada dataran rendah ditemukan sebanyak 8/120 (6,66 %) dan pada dataran tinggi ditemukan sebanyak 6/120 (5,00%). Enam dari total 14 isolat E. coli (42,85%) resisten, 3/14 (21,42%) intermedier, dan 5/14 (35,71%) sensitif terhadap sulfametoksasol. Uji terhadap ampisilin 4/14 (28,57%) resisten, 1/14 (7,14%) intermedier, dan 9/14 (64,28%) sensitif. Uji terhadap oksitetrasiklin 1/14 (7,14%) resisten, dan 13/14 (92,85%) sensitif. Sebanyak tiga isolat (21,42%) peka terhadap semua antibiotika yang diujikan dan satu isolat (7,14%) resisten terhadap semua antibiotika. ABSTRACTA Cross Sectional study to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli on bali cattle respiratory tractbased on maturity level (calves, heifers, adult) and geographical location (highland and lowland) have been conducted. The isolation and identification of bacteria based on the method of Carter and Cole with slightly modification and antibiotic sensitivity test were performed using the disc diffusion method by Kirby and Bauer. Escherichia coli was isolated from 14 out of the 120 samples (11.66%). Based on the maturity level, was found 7/120 (5.58%), 3/120 (2.50%), and 4/120 (3.33%) from calves, heifers, and adults, respectively. Meanwhile, based on the geographical location, 8/120 (6.66%) E. coli was isolated from the highland and the remains 6/120 (5.00%) from lowland. The antibiograms showed that 6/14 (42.85%), 3/14 (21.42%), and 5/14 (35.71%) of the isolates were resistant, intermediate, and sensitive to sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Whereas 4/14 (28.57%), 1/14 (7.14%), and 9/14 (64.28%) were resistant, intermediate, and sensitive to ampicillin. One isolate (7.14%) was resistant to oxytetracycline and the remains 13/14 (92.85%) were sensitive. Three isolates (21.42%) were sensitive to all tested antibiotics and one isolate (7.14%) resistant to all antibiotics.