Artikel ini adalah satu bagian dari hasil penelitian tentang fenomena baru dalam ritual, yaitu “bade beroda” saat mengusung jenazah ke kuburan (setra). Saat ini, baik di perkotaan maupun pedesaan terdapat tren bade di atas pedati beroda. Fenomena ini lalu mendapat beragam respon. “Bade beroda” dianggap sebagai satu bentuk inovasi dan kreativitas masyarakat Bali dalam mengatasi kompleksitas pekerjaan yang sebelumnya agraris dan homogen ke sektor jasa dan industri yang heterogen. Akibatnya, krama adat atau warga terkendala waktu untuk dapat dalam waktu bersamaan mengantarkan jenazah sampai ke kuburan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami bagaimana masyarakat Bali menghadapi perubahan budaya dan agama. Adapun teori yang menjadi inspirasi untuk menganalisis masalah ini adalah transformasi dan komodifikasi. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan paradigma fenomenologi dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Bali memiliki mekanisme sosial dan budaya yang secara lentur digunakan untuk mempertahankan ritus di tengah perubahan tanpa menghilangkan esensi dari makna bade dan upacara ngaben.
Muslims were then currently placed in the catu land which belonged to the kingdom. One of the numerous fascinating Muslim villages is Segara Katon. Some of its residents are still of Balinese origin as the result of the marriage of converted Gamongan people to Segara Katon women. Another uniqueness is the existence of the bale banjar which even though it has been acknowledged as a form of acculturation between Hinduism and Islam in the past, yet, it has been left standing although its function has presently begun to shift along with the establishment of the Nurul Jihad Mosque. The long history and traditions that they experienced in a relatively long time were made a fabulous social capital to survive in the midst of various changes, including being active and creative in strengthening peaceful relations with Hindus through multiple local wisdom. To be able to explore data and analyze how Balinese Muslim people in Segara Katon see themselves and their social world, field research was carried out through interviews, observation, and document studies.
Artikel ini adalah ulasan atas hasil penelitian dan literatur yang bertujuan untuk melihat kembali posisi perempuan Hindu di Bali di tengah budaya dominannya. Dengan pendekatan antropologi feminisme, artikel ini tidak akan memasuki wilayah yang sudah umum dilakukan banyak orang jika mendiskusikan perempuan, misalnya tentang jender atau gerakan kesetaraan semata. Antropologi feminisme membawa artikel ini untuk memahami perempuan dari kebertubuhannya, perannya dalam konteks sosial budaya, dan juga agama. Strategi perempuan dalam menampilkan dirinya di ruang pribadi maupun di ruang publik, serta kemampuannya untuk bertahan dalam serangan diskriminasi menjadi penting untuk dijelaskan. Pendekatan seperti ini adalah cara untuk melihat kembali bagaimana tubuh perempuan secara antropologis. Dengan demikian, tema pokok artikel ini menjadi satu kasus untuk memperlihatkan bahwa perempuan Hindu masih dan akan terus menghadapi masalah, serta stigma dan stereotipe yang disematkan kepadanya, padahal secara dogmatis perempuan Hindu telah diakui dan banyak disebut-sebut dalam berbagai kitab suci Veda. Begitu juga peran perempuan di masa lalu yang diyakini sebagai Rsi dan ikut menulis beberapa kitab suci dan susastera Veda lainnya.
This article is the result of a study on the practice of a patriarchal system that sets Balinese Hindu women in a weak position. They are subordinated by the dominance and hegemony of masculinity habituated over a very long period of time. Habituation is carried out using various symbols of religion, rites, and mythology so that patriarchal culture can be embedded in collective memory of the Balinese. As a result, women receive stigmatization and cultural violence that they will never be equal to men as long as this system is still functioned in all areas of life. The long struggle of women against this injustice is based on, first, patriarchal system that grows as an epicenter in social structure of Balinese society. Second, marriage is a huge burden for women to give birth to a son, so that customary mechanism is sought to save patrilineal system in several ways. Third, there is a biased misinterpretation regarding the meaning of the word suputra who is constantly interpreted as a good boy. Fourth, women from Tri Wangsa class are not free to choose and accept men who will become their husband later. Conversely, Tri Wangsa men are relatively free to marry women from any class. These four reasons make stigma and cultural violence for women difficult to eliminate. The decision of the upper house of Hindu religion which provides equal position and inheritance rights between men and women has not changed this situation.
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