No abstract

The dynamics of the frequency of otorhinolaryngological pathology, one of the main causes of which is the deformation of the nasal septum, among the child population has a positive growth trend and, according to some authors, is from 56 to 95% of all cases of treatment. Congenital deformities or developmental anomalies leading to deviation of the nasal septum in children, with untimely diagnosis, can lead to chronic inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane of the cavity and paranasal sinuses, which in turn cause a violation of the airway function of the upper respiratory tract and an increase in the development of infectious diseases. Diagnosis of such conditions in children under the age of six will prevent their consequences, as well as reduce the need for their surgical treatment - septoplasty. The purpose of the study is to establish morphometric patterns of development of nasal septum structures, to identify patterns of its development and the minimum necessary anatomical criteria for predicting and determining deviation in young children. We used the results of head studies using multispiral computed tomography in the multiplanar mode in children aged 0 to 4 years, 16 girls and 32 boys, a total of 48 patients. The linear dimensions of the nasal septum were measured, including the length, maximum length and height, as well as the angle of deviation. According to the results of the analysis, statistically significant correlations were revealed between the age of children and the linear parameters of the nasal septum, a positive dynamic of the increase in the size of the nasal septum by the age of 3-4 years was observed. Simultaneously with the growth of linear dimensions, a decrease in the angle of deviation of the nasal septum is observed; no statistically significant sex differences were found. The discovered phenomena are due to the rapid growth of the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum by the third year of life. The data obtained demonstrate the possibilities of computed tomography for assessing deviations in the development of the nasal septum in young children for early prevention and elimination of rhinopathy.

Permanent residence in extreme climatic and geographical conditions provides the stress of adaptation reserves of the whole human body and the work of homeostatic systems in the new conditions. The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of atherosclerosis risk factors and their relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD) in elderly and senile men living in Far North. Methods. An analytical study of the frequency of metabolic risk factors of atherogenesis was conducted among men (n = 505) with verified coronary heart disease (case group, n = 244) and without signs of coronary heart disease (control group, n = 261) 60 years and older, living in Far North, taking into account age and ethnicity. To assess the results of the study, the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals for OR were calculated. Results. High cardiovascular risk was noted in the group of patients with coronary artery disease compared with the group of patients without coronary artery disease (p < 0.001). Patients with coronary artery disease haв higher body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and blood pressure. In the absence of significant differences in the content of total cholesterol, the lipid profile in men with coronary heart disease haв more atherogenic nature (p < 0.001). When ethnicity was taken into account, a relationship was found between smoking, arterial hypertension, central type obesity and an increased risk of coronary heart disease among non-indigenous men (p < 0.001). A more favorable metabolic profile was noted in male indigenous ethnic groups (the Yakuts). Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the risk factors of coronary heart disease revealed high rates of hypertension and obesity in the group of patients with coronary heart disease living in extreme conditions of the Far North, in comparison with the control group without ethnicity, while hypercholesterolemia was more often observed in the Yakut group, and hypertriglyceridemia and smoking in a non-indigenous ethnic group (p < 0.001).

Introduction. According to WHO experts, chronic non-communicable disease (NCD) is the leading worldwide medical and social problem. In recent decades, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) population showed changes in nutrition habits, physical activity reduction. It increased the spread of modified chronic NCD’s risk factors. Material and methods. The authors performed a one-stage study of modified risk factors and frequency analysis of chronic NCD in the North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU) employees who had medical check-ups in 2017 (n = 800): men (n = 260), women (n = 540). The attendees’ age varied from 30 to 54 years. Abdominal obesity (AO) was diagnosed by two criteria: men’s waist ≥ 90 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for Asia residents (IDF1); men’s waist ≥ 94 cm and women’s waist ≥ 80 for European residents (IDF2) (IDF, 2006). Results. This analysis of the study group of NEFU employees showed the median level of SYS and DYS, glucose in serum, and the waist index in both groups, regardless of gender, to be within reference values. The most frequent risk factors of chronic NCD were hypercholesterolemia and abdominal obesity (p = 0.000). A spread of hypercholesterolemia was 16.8%, in men (23.5%) more frequently than in women (13. Every fourth woman and every third man had AO according to IDF criteria compared to attendees without AO (p = 0.000). Conclusion. A significant positive correlation between AO and age, SYS, DYS, cholesterol and glucose in serum was identified.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an orphan disease characterized by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). PAH is a pathology, difficult to diagnose due to the non-specificity of its first strokes. The prognosis of PAH is extremely unfavorable without early diagnosis and treatment, as with systemic scleroderma, 60% of patients die in the first 2 years. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), there are currently 38 patients with PAH, and a tendency towards an increase in their number is noted. The necessity to conduct scientific research on PAH patients living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is urgent due to the fact. The article represents a 1.5-year clinical observation of a 45-year-old patient with PAH associated with systemic scleroderma, which demonstrates difficulties in the differential diagnosis of PAH, late initiation of PAH-specific pharmacotherapy. The article discusses the efficiency of the original PAH-specific drugs use, and their generics.