The results of studies on the possibility of applying the biological product Bacillus subtilis for the protection of vineyards from powdery mildew are presented. Meteorological conditions in 2016 and 2018 contributed to the epiphytotic prevalence of powdery mildew in the agrocenosis of Rostov region. In 2015, 2017 and 2019 its prevalence was moderate. The use of biological preparation against powdery mildew showed the prospects of its application. With a moderate degree of disease prevalence, the use of a biological preparation instead of chemical fungicides is possible in all phases of a growing season. It inhibits the pathogen’s development, contributes to conservation of plants’ productivity and reducing the pesticide load. In years with epiphytotic prevalence of powdery mildew it is desirable to apply fungicides during pre-veraison, and biopreparation – up to the phase of technical maturity. Such application will contribute to obtaining a quantitative and qualitative yield, and will also reduce the toxicological effect of chemical fungicides used in the first half of a growing season.

The results of monitoring the distribution of phytopathogens and pests under conditions of maintaining mother plantations, improved and propagated in tissue culture, category original in the conditions of the Nizhne-Kundryuchensky sand massif in Rostov region, are presented. In the basic vineyard, conditions are met that exclude the possibility of secondary infection of healthy plants and make it possible to obtain planting material of the elite category. Vineyards have not been cultivated on these areas for at least 10 years, which reduces the risk of the presence of outbreaks of harmful organisms specific to grapes. Before establishing of the basic vineyard, the soil samples were diagnosed for the presence of harmful organisms in it. The results of the survey showed the absence of such pests in the soil as the larvae of scoops, beetles, click beetles, as well as bacterial diseases and nematodes. According to the results of monitoring observations, it was revealed that the mother plants of the basic plants of the ARRIV&W Branch of FSBSI FRANC are mainly spread by the following fungal diseases: powdery mildew, black spot, downy mildew, the intensity of which, due to regular protective treatments, did not exceed 2.5 points. The harmfulness of the main insects (leafhoppers, ticks, thrips) on the basic vineyard, is economically insignificant. Studies confirm the absence of migration of the leaf form of phylloxera. Pesticides were used during protective measures, guided by the principle of rotation of active substances and with the use of an active substance of one name no more than twice a season.

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The study results on prevalence of the main harmful insects on the mother planting of the basic grape plants of the Rostov region: rose leafhopper, buffalo treehopper, tree cricket, tobacco and grape thrips, which are polyphagous phytophages, are presented. As a result of the negative impact of harmful organisms the plant normal development is disrupted. The spread and increase in the insect harmfulness in the Rostov region is facilitated by an increase in the average annual temperature to 9.5-11.6 °C in the last 10-15 years, which is the lower limit for their survival. A close direct relationship was revealed between the average annual temperature and the leafhopper and thrip harmfulness: r=0.72-0.89 and an unobvious dependence of the tree cricket harmfulness on thermal conditions (r=0.59). The phytosanitary control system in the mother planting made it possible to restrain the harmful organism development, with a harmfulness not exceeding 1.3 points for thrips and 2 points for other insects for further reproduction of practically healthy grape planting material while maintaining the status basic plants.

Information is provided on the prevalence and intensity of development of white rot on plants of different vine varieties during the growing season 2019–2020. It was found that the intensity of development of white rot var-ied from year to year. The meteorological conditions in 2019 contributed to the in-creased harmfulness of white rot: hot weather in June with air temperatures up to 37.2 °C, causing sunburn in plants, as well as moder-ately hot weather in July with frequent, albeit abundant precipitation, contributed to the de-velopment of white rot on plants of unstable varieties. In 2020, the intensity of infection by the pathogen did not exceed 1 point in most varieties, since the decrease in the harm-fulness of white rot in 2020 was facilitated not only by the corresponding meteorological conditions, but also by timely protective treatment of plants against white rot. Signs of white rot both in 2019 and in 2020 were ob-served in varieties: Riesling Reinsky, Olkhov-sky, Neizvestniy Donskoy, Krasnostop Zolotovsky. The absence of signs of damage by the phytopathogen was noted in the varie-ties: Burgunskiy, Buriy, Nakutvneuli, Pocha-tochniy, Tavrosi, Tashkentsky.