The composition dependence of the average atomic volume, as well as of the enthalpy of formation, was investigated for the aluminum-containing systems with the 3d transition metals and copper. The partial atomic volume of aluminum and the partial molar enthalpy of aluminum were determined for the transition metal-based solid solutions. Independent of the type of solid-solution structure, the (negative) partial molar enthalpy of aluminum increases and the partial atomic volume of aluminum decreases with increasing filling of the 3d band. The charge transfer and the bonding in solid solutions exhibiting close-packed structures (coordination number (CN) ϭ 12) is substantially higher than in solid solutions, based on the bcc structure (CN ϭ 8). The s electron of copper, though, reduces the charge transfer and the bonding in the fcc solid-solution Cu(Al) significantly.

Cavitation erosion damage behaviors in the coolant of electroless nickel plated diesel engine cylinder liners were investigated. In the case of electroless nickel coating, pitting damage was locally induced by cavitation erosion attacks. The pitting damage was promoted as galvanic corrosion accompanied it. Continued cavitation erosion attacks led to the plastic deformation, fatigue, and failure of electroless nickel coating. Consequently, local pitting damage to electroless nickel coating showed a tendency to progress in the depth direction so that the surface damage depth developed greatly.