Organisational characteristics are distinctive features of an organisation that enable it to perform its statutory roles. It has a lot of influences on organisational performance but less study has indicated the role it plays in improving the performances of organisations. This study appraised different types of organisation characteristics in the Nigerian construction industry and their roles in improving the performances of organisations. In achieving the aim of the study 366 questionnaires were distributed purposefully to management members of construction organisations practising in Abuja who are members of the federation of the construction industry (FOCI). 310 of the questionnaires that were distributed were retrieved, this represented an 82% of response rate. A hypothesis was formulated and tested using multiple regression analysis. Each type of the characteristic form a model equation, the p-values of all the models were 0.000 and The model's result showed that management style, decision making style, organisational culture, organisation effectiveness, organisation efficiency, behaviour and structure have a predictive value of 26%, 45% 20%, 34%. 14%, 54%, and 44% respectively, indicated that all types of characteristics used in the study significantly affect organisational performance. Putting special attention on them by the management of the organisation will significantly improve its performance. The study recommended that organisations in the Nigerian construction industry pay more attention to the identified types of organisational characteristics in order to achieve effective performance.