Background: One of the most important problems of ovarian transplantation is the significant reduction in the number of primordial follicles during the short period after transplantation due to post-transplantation ischemia. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of enoxaparin application on follicular survival after cryopreserved and fresh ovary transplantation in rats. Materials and Methods:The study used female Sprague Dawley rats (n=56). The animals were ovariectomized and the healing of fresh and cryopreserved ovarian tissue was evaluated. Estrogen blood level, percentage of ovarian live tissue, and angiogenesis were evaluated 16 days after transplantation of fresh ovary and 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. The animals in the experimental groups were treated after transplantation by enoxaparin subcutaneously in doses of 200 IU/kg per day. Results: A statistically significant higher (p < 0.05) percentage of live tissue was recorded in the treated goup (14.5±6.5 vs. 20.6±5.7% in control vs. treated groups) 7 days after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue, and a significantly more intensive (p<0.005) neoangiogenesis was recorded in the treated group (12.7±1.9 capillaries in 250 μm 2 ) in comparison with the control group (7.4±2.1 capillaries in 250 μm 2 ) 28 days after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue. Conclusions: Administration of enoxaparin after transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue may temporarily improve tissue survival. The use of enoxaparin does not adversely affect neoangiogenesis around the transplanted ovary. The positive effect of low molecular weight heparin application on neoangiogenesis was demonstrated four weeks after transplantation.