The analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms of development of urgent conditions (anesthesia, asphyxia, hypoxia, shock, collapse, bacterial intoxication, poisoning by chemical compounds or drugs suppressing the function of the central nervous system) suggests that among urgent therapies analeptic drugs (AD) are of a paramount importance. At the same time, their assortment has not only been updated in the last 50 years, but reduced to 6 drugs. This situation is conditioned by the absence of the standard for selecting AD. Aim. To create a standard for selecting AD which can quantitatively (statistically reliable) evaluate both the level of the awakening effect in general and its mechanism (namely its analeptic action); compare and determine the priorities of further study of substances; create theoretical foundations for the purposeful search of AD and optimize the scientific research. Materials and methods. During the research the procedure of AD selection was developed experimentally. It consists in intraperitoneal introduction of the narcotic agent (ethanol) in the optimal dose; introduction of a classical analeptic sulfocamphocaine (SCC) in the standard dose at the peak of anesthesia to one group of mice, while the second group received the substance studied (Heterocide-31) with the subsequent recording of the anesthesia duration, dynamics of the frequency of respiratory movements, assessment of the psychomotor state and physiological functions of animals during anesthesia and after awakening assuming that in the course of the experiment the specific dose-time conditions for introduction of substances are observed. Results. The results of the study show that the maximum efficacy (18.2 %) was achieved by Heteroсide-31 in the dose of 1 mg / kg, while the optimal dose of SCC (20 mg / kg) accelerated awakening of animals by 19.5 %. Thus, Heterocide-31 showed almost identical activity in the concentration of 20 times lower than SCC. The fact that after introduction of Heterocide-31 the respiratory rate (RR4) significantly increases (p <0.05) by 1.6 times already within the first minute compared to the control group, and the maximum (125) respiratory movements / min in the reference drug group is achieved only in 6 min (RR5) indicates the 6-fold advantage of Heterocide-31 by the rate of the respiratory center stimulation and allows referring the latter to a number of promising analeptics. Conclusions. The model of pharmacological screening proposed accelerates the purposeful search of original AD, has a complete novelty, originality, easy in repeatability, economic, environmental and humanistic advantages, namely it reduces time and the number of laboratory animals, the cost of experiments, increases the information value of the experiments. The method has been tested on heterosides and suggests that derivatives of sulfur and nitrogen-containing heterocycles are promising for the search of original AD having a significant advantage over classical analeptics. Key words: alcohol; anesthesia; heterocide; analeptic; awakenin...

In order to expand the theoretical base of targeted search for analeptics, the awakening and antihypoxic properties of Heterosides-21, Heterosides-31 (derivatives of sulfur and nitrogen containing heterocycles) were studied and their mechanisms of action were established. Sodium thiopental (42 mg/kg) was used to simulate suppression of the respiratory and vasomotor centers of the brain. Comparative drugs were the combined analeptic sulfocamphocaine (SCC) (20 mg/kg) and antihypoxant Piracetam (300 mg/kg).The results were obtained on the models of thiopental anesthesia and normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia, the analysis of which allowed: to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the awakening, antihypoxic activity of the studied substances and classical preparations; their effect on the respiratory center of the brain and the behavioral responses of animals; theoretically substantiate, experimentally confirm and establish aerobic, anaerobic and detoxification mechanisms for the realization of effects in various conditions; to formulate the theoretical foundations of a targeted search for universal analeptics and antihypoxic drugs, to offer an instrumental and methodological complex for their experimental reproduction.

In order to expand the theoretical basis of the purposeful search of analeptics, the awakening and antihypoxic properties of heteroside-21, heteroside-31 (derivatives of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles) were studied and the mechanisms of their action were established. Sodium thiopental (42 mg/kg) was used to simulate suppression of the respiratory and vascular centers of the brain. The comparison drugs were – sulfocamphocaine (SCC) with combined analeptic action (20 mg/kg) and the antihypoxic drug piracetam (300 mg/kg). The results were obtained on the models of thiopental anesthesia and normobaric hypoxia with hypercapnia. The analysis of data allowed to count qualitatively and quantitatively the arousing and antihypoxic activity of new substances and classical drugs; their effect on the respiratory center of the brain and behavioral responses of animals; theoretically substantiate, experimentally confirm and establish aerobic, anaerobic and detoxification mechanisms of realization of effects in various conditions; to formulate the theoretical bases of purposeful search of universal analeptics and antihypoxic drugs and offer an instrumental-methodological complex for their experimental reproduction.

The study of the analeptic activity of derivatives of sulfur-and nitrogen-containing heterocycles on the model of thiopental narcosis The range of the use of analeptics covers a number of urgent states (shock, collapse, anesthesia, asphyxia, hypoxia, bacterial intoxication with chemical compounds or drugs suppressing the CNS functions), i.e. almost all areas of urgent therapy of peacetime, military medicine and disaster medicine. However, over the past 50 years, their arsenal has not only been renewed, but even reduced to 6 drugs. This is because of the lack of standardized methods for assessing analeptic efficacy and the theoretical basis for their development. Aim. To search and study the promising substances with the analeptic effect among derivatives of sulfur-and nitrogencontaining heterocycles on the standardized model of thiopental narcosis. Materials and methods. The results of the experiment conducted confirm the adequacy of the method tested, which allows to compare the effect of original substances and classical analeptics on the central nervous system (CNS) and respiratory center (RC) objectively qualitatively and quantitatively (statistically reliably) by intraperitoneal administration of optimal doses: anesthesia (sodium thiopental); at the peak of anesthesia the classical analeptic sulfocamphocaine (SCC) for the first group of animals, the test substances for the second and third groups with the subsequent observation of the anesthesia sleep duration, the dynamics of the frequency of respiratory movements, the psychomotor state and the physiological functions of mice in anesthesia and after awakening. Results. It has been found that the optimal depth and duration of anesthesia is achieved by the intraperitoneal injection of 42 mg/kg of thiopental sodium. The most effective was the traditional analeptic SCC, which in the optimal dose (20 mg/kg) accelerated the awakening of animals by 35 %. Heterosides-21,-31 provided a reliable reduction in duration of anesthesia by 26.8 % and 24.4 % in the dose of 2 mg/kg. After introduction of the test substances the frequency of respiratory movements (RM) increased significantly (p < 0.05) for 10 min compared to the control group, reaching the maximum (85.3 DD/min) in the SCC group. It indicates its superiority in the rate of RC stimulation compared to both Heterosides, which with the concentration of 10 times less than SCC were statistically insignificantly inferior to it by 8.2 % and 10.6 %, respectively. Conclusions. The model of thiopental narcosis makes it possible to statistically reliably compare the effectiveness of classical drugs and original substances by the signs of the awakening effect on the CNS and RC; it can be recommended as a reference model for the purposeful search of analeptics. On the example of studying heterosides the adequacy of the screening model proposed and the prospects of derivatives of sulfur-and nitrogen-containing heterocycles for the search of effective analeptics have been confirmed.