Background. Rheumatic diseases (RD) of autoimmune origin are considered as an important risk factor for infectious processes due to characteristic native immune system disorder, as well as due to the adverse effect of immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids on the mechanisms of anti-infective protection.Aim. To highlight the problem of RD and concomitant viral infection which becomes critical in the era of COVID‑19.Results. According to the current national guidelines for the management of patients with COVID‑19, patients with RD represent an increased risk group for the adverse course of coronavirus infection. Presented article provides basic information on the use of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) inhibitors in patients with COVID‑19 focusing on the benefit of this therapeutic option in those with prior RD. The article presents an analysis of two clinical cases demonstrating high efficacy and good tolerability of levilimab (Ilsira®) in the treatment of coronavirus pneumoniae in the setting of autoimmune diseases: polymyositis (PM) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Conclusion. Our own clinical experience confirms the feasibility of including an IL‑6 receptor inhibitor in the treatment regimen for coronavirus pneumonia in patients with RD characterized of immune inflammation.
Наиболее частыми причинами перикардита являются вирусные и бактериальные инфекции, в то время как на долю перикардитов неопластической этиологии приходится от 5% до 10% всех случаев. Наиболее распространенной первичной опухолью перикарда является мезотелиома, прижизненная диагностика которой происходит менее чем в 25% случаев. Метастатические опухоли перикарда встречаются в 15-30% случаев. В статье представлен клинический случай тампонады сердца на фоне экссудативного перикардита неопластической этиологии. Больной был госпитализирован в палату интенсивной терапии кардиологического отделения с жалобами на сердцебиение, перебои в работе сердца, одышку смешанного характера, нарастание общей слабости. При осмотре наблюдалась сглаженность межреберных промежутков в области сердца, верхушечный толчок не определялся. При перкуссии было выявлено значительное расширение границ относительной сердечной тупости во всех направлениях. Данные жалоб и осмотра больного позволили заподозрить наличие перикардита. Выполненные больному Эхо-КГ, рентгенография органов грудной клетки в течение первых часов госпитализации выявили экссудативный перикардит, осложненный тампонадой сердца, и гидроторакс. После проведения пункции перикарда и плевральных полостей состояние больного стабилизировалось. Последующий цитологический анализ жидкости из перикарда показал наличие атипичных клеток, характерных для перикардита неопластического генеза. При проведении компьютерной томографии с контрастом и повторной эхокардиографии было выявлено новообразование перикарда. Больной был направлен для дальнейшего лечения в торакальное отделение онкологического диспансера. Ключевые слова: экссудативный перикардит, пункция перикарда, компьютерная томография, онкология.
The complexity of timely diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA), as the most common form of systemic vasculitis in the elderly, is due to the nonspecificity of clinical manifestations and the absence of specific immunological markers. New difficulties arise during the period of coronavirus infection, which manifests itself in similar syndromes and at the same time can provoke immuno-inflammatory rheumatic disease. In this regard, it is extremely important to make a correct differential diagnosis between persistent viral infection and the development of systemic vasculitis. This article presents a clinical observation demonstrating the complex process of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of GCA in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The patient was hospitalized due to a confirmed coronavirus infection. However, despite the standard therapy and the achieved eradication of the coronavirus, the symptoms characteristic of GCA and polymyalgia rheumatica (PR) persisted. A precision analysis of the clinical picture allowed us to establish that the typical manifestations of GCA and PR occurred in the period preceding COVID-19 infection. Subsequent in-depth examination made it possible to verify the diagnosis of GCA and PR based on the current classification criteria. The therapy with glucocorticoid and methotrexate made it possible to achieve remission. The presented observation will help to raise awareness of general practitioners and related specialties about the need to rule out GCA and PR in the case of prolonged unexplained fever, myalgia, headache, joint pain and swelling, transient visual disturbances, jaw claudication in elderly patients in the setting or after coronavirus infection.
The article discusses the issues of diagnosis and treatment of patients with a new coronavirus infection. The data on the results of the work of the infectious department No. 2 of the "Infectious hospital No. 4" of the city of Volgograd for the period from April to September 2020, the analysis of the etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment of new coronavirus infection was carried out.
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