Today, minimally invasive dental implant placement techniques along with immediate or early dentition restoration by dentures are widely used and well represented in the scientific literature. The issue of using minimally invasive techniques under bone tissue deficiency is especially relevant in dentistry. Among the approaches in solving this problem, and in particular in the lateral mandibular parts of, there is the bicortical placement of one-stage small diameter implants bypassing the mandibular canal. However, we have not found reliable data on clinical studies of this technique. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiological stability of thin one-stage implants fixed bicortically by applying minimally invasive technique in the lateral parts of the mandible under bone tissue deficiency. 47 patients with partial or complete loss of teeth in the lower jaw having no severe somatic pathology was examined and included into the study. The first (main) group included 25 patients with severe bone tissue deficiency in the lateral regions, who were subjected to the placement of 146 implants using the minimally invasive implant placement technique we adapted by bicortical placement of small-diameter non-separable implants bypassing the inferior alveolar nerve using a surgical template. The second group (control) consisted of 22 patients with unexpressed atrophy of the lateral parts of the mandible, who received 70 implants placed by the standard one-stage implantation technique. In addition to the generally accepted clinical methods, we determined the hygiene index, the Schiller-Pisarev test and carried out orthopantomographic studies. The results obtained have shown that the minimally invasive technique of dental implant placement is characterized by less complicated and more favourable course of the postoperative period, no pain syndrome, minimal post-traumatic reaction of the soft tissues of the face and oral mucosa, as well as no postoperative inflammatory complications. Orthopaedic treatment using minimally invasive method of dental implant placement for bone tissue deficiency using one-stage small-diameter implants in the lateral parts of the lower jaw created good conditions for personal hygiene. The average level of vertical resorption of peri-implant bone tissue in the first year of functioning was 0.763 ± 0.001 mm, and for two years it did not exceed 0.837 ± 0.001 mm, which corresponds to the generally accepted criteria for effectiveness.

The issue of occlusion changes resulting from tooth loss or wear requires prompt early identification and effective resolution. Alterations in the physiological position of the lower jaw can have cascading effects on facial muscles, articulation, chewing biomechanics, and patient’s aesthetics and comfort. It also poses challenges for orthodontic procedures. Correcting occlusion height is a significant concern for both patients and dental specialists, necessitating the use of appropriate techniques and informed decision-making. This review aims to examine primary literature sources concerning the causes and consequences of pathological tooth wear, its impact on bite changes in patients, and the relevance of mathematical calculations in orthodontic interventions. An electronic search and analysis of publications from prominent scientific databases (ScienceDirect, Research Gate, NCBI, PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Willey, Web of Science, EBSCO, Scopus, Google Scholar) were conducted. Emphasis was given to articles published after 2018. The presence of additional informative references in the analyzed text materials was also assessed. Mathematical equation models were identified as useful tools for quantitatively assessing temporomandibular joint movement during the restoration of the initial occlusion height. Such calculations are most effective in the early stages of orthodontic intervention, particularly when temporomandibular joint mobility is limited. However, it is crucial for dental specialists to approach each orthodontic procedure with precision and rationale, considering the existing temporomandibular structure. The accuracy of the method can be evaluated by calculating the proportion of true positives and true negatives in all assessed cases. While mathematical calculations can provide general guidelines, individual patient criteria should remain the primary consideration for the specialist.