INTRODUCTION. Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a global health problem, and the problem of HCAIs in Ukraine remains poorly understood because of problems with the registration system. OBJECTIVE. To analyze the official data of the number of registered HCAIs in Ukraine for the period 2009-2019, compare them with the available data in scientific publications. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Statistical analysis of information from the “Laboratory Centers of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine” kindly provided by the State Institution “Public Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”. RESULTS. In 2019, 2,611 cases of HCAIs were registered, the lowest annual number of registered HCAIs in the last twelve years. The maximum number of HCAIs in 2011 was 7,448. An average of 5,089±756 cases of HCAIs has been registered annually. By age structure, the average for 2009-2019 was 78.0±5.8 % for adults and 22.0 % for children (0-17 y.o.). In 2019 13.8% of registered potential HCAIs agents were identified as MDR, and 80.0-87.0% belongs to the group of 12-17, the most common pathogens. CONCLUSIONS. The estimated minimum number of HCAIs in Ukraine was expected to be about 1 million per year. Official statistics on registered cases of HCAIs in Ukraine do not reflect reality, so the registration system and investigation of HCAIs in Ukraine needs to be reformed.

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Aim. To study hemolytical and antimicrobical action of two new lectins, obtained from fruit bodies of poisonous basidial mushrooms of A. virosa Secr. and M. pura /Fr./ Kumm. Methods. Research on hemolytical action of lectins was conducted on the erythrocytes of human and animals. The experiments on osmotic protection of erythrocytes were performed in the presence of polyethylenglycols of different molecular mass (in a range from 400 to 4000 Da). Antimicrobical activity of lectins was studied by determination of area delay of growth of culture of different types of microorganisms on the Petri dish in an agaric media. Results. Both lectins hemolyse the erythrocytes of rabbit, human, rat and dog and do not hemolyse the erythrocytes of cow and ship in concentration of 1 mg/ml. The rabbit erythrocytes are most sensitive to hemolytical action of lectins, while hemolytic ability of A. virosa lectin is higher. Hemolysis was not observed in the presence of PEG of molecular mass over 1,350 Da. Action of lectins on 10 types of microorganisms was investigated. Lectins inhibited mainly growth of grammpositive microorganisms and protey. For most tested microorganisms antimicrobial action of Mycena lectin is stronger comparing with A. virosa lectin. Conclusions. Two new hemolytical lectins are found in the fruit bodies of mushrooms-basidiomycetes. The lectin formed ion-permeable pores in membrane of erythrocytes with the hydrodynamic diameter smaller than 2.3 nm and larger than 1.6 nm. These lectins displays also antimicrobial activity and by the sum of these features are similar to the cytolytic lectins of lower invertebrates

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Statistical data on officially registered cases of health care-associated infections (HCAIs) in Ukraine in the period 2009-2019 have been analysed. On average, 5089±756 cases of HCAIs were registered annually. Odessa region of Ukraine is the leading country in the number of reported cases. The majority of HCAIs cases involve surgical and therapeutic invasive interventions and perinatal HCAIs. On average, 78.0±5.8 % of HCAIs cases involved adults. The estimated minimum number of HCAIs in Ukraine was expected to be about 1 million per year. Official statistics on registered cases of HCAIs in Ukraine do not reflect reality, so the system of registration and investigation of HCAIs in Ukraine needs to be reformed.