Purpose of Review
Allergy to excipients is a cause of multidrug allergy and if it is not taken into account, it can lead to unexpected severe reactions. If an excipient allergy is suspected, an accurate examination followed by algorithms is very important for a correct diagnosis and to give patients detailed information in order to avoid future reactions.
Recent Findings
In recent times, due to allergy COVID vaccine reactions, interest in excipients as polyethylene glycol derivatives (PEGs) has increased as a possible cause of drug and vaccine hypersensivity. In addition to PEGs many other excipients as gelatin, alpha-gal, protamine, benzalkonium chloride, and benzyl alcohol have been described as a cause of allergy to drugs and vaccines. For most excipients, the dilutions used for skin testing (ST) are not standardized and proper algorithms to reach a diagnosis are not available.
Summary
The purpose of this article is to review the excipients that may produce inmediate hypersensitivity drugs and vaccine reactions and update diagnostic procedures to reach an accurate diagnosis. We highlight the in vivo and in vitro diagnostic tests used in published reports and detail the dilution used for each excipient to perform ST in order to confirm this vital pathology and to prevent new reactions.
Common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a highly nutritious cereal used for human consumption, bird seed and/or ethanol production [1], in fact it is the sixth most consumed cereal worldwide: more than a third of the population takes millet from habitual way [2,3]. Although, nowadays, the grain is known in developed countries mainly as food for birds and livestock.The anaphylaxis produced by millet was first described in 1981 by Parker et al. [4], since then some cases have been described in which this cereal induces serious anaphylactic reactions after ingestion. In addition, millet also could act as an inhalant allergen described for the atopic bird keepers [5,6]. After the analysis of sera from bird keepers,
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