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Background: Recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTI) are either due to re infection or relapse. Overall likelihood of developing UTI is approximately 30 times higher in women than men due to their anatomical peculiarities and are normally treated with antibiotics. To evaluate effectiveness of patient counselling in prevention of recurrent UTI in female patients to reduce the risk of developing Antibiotic resistance and assess the quality of life of patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months and samples were taken from the urology department of cosmopolitan hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala. Patient counseling was given regarding the disease, drugs and lifestyle modifications. A suitably validated KAP questionnaire was provided to each patient at their visits. By using an EQ-5D-5L questionnaire the quality of life of patients were assessed and analyzed.Results: 84 patients were analyzed. After the counseling knowledge level significantly improved to good from 6.9% to 72.4%, the positive attitude level was improved from 35.6 to 57.5% and the practice level was improved to good from 25.3 to 43.7%. The QOL improved to best from 1.2 to 71.4%. After counseling incidence rate was decreased to zero. The mostly observed risk factor was decreased water intake (69%). The common age group observed was 31-50 (41.7%).Conclusions: Patient counseling had an important impact on medication adherence and QOL of female patients with recurrent UTI. Effective patient counseling and better compliance decreased the incidence of recurrence and improved the quality of life of patients.

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Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which can recur at adulthood particularly in people with genetic predisposition like asthma or other hypersensitivities. It has an adverse impact on the daily life of patients and hence, it is clear that appropriate treatment is necessary; hence the study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of topical agents Tacrolimus and Corticosteroids. Materials and Methods: This Prospective Observational Study was carried out in 108 patients recruited from the Department of Dermatology, Cosmopolitan Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram for a period of 6 months. A written informed consent was taken. Out of the 108 patients, 54 patients received Topical Tacrolimus and the remaining 54 patients received Topical Corticosteroids. Eczema Area Severity Index (EASI) score analysis was performed at base line and after 2 weeks of drug therapy. Results: The result of the study was developed by comparing EASI scores of all the patients. Two statistical methods were used for developing the result. Independent 't' test for Between Group comparison and Paired 't' test for Within Group comparison. From the statistical evidences, it is deduced that both the drugs are effective for treatment of atopic dermatitis (P -value < 0.05). After comparing both the drugs, it was found that Corticosteroids are more effective than Tacrolimus (P -value < 0.05). Conclusion: From this study, it has been concluded that both the drugs Tacrolimus and Corticosteroids have a significant role in treatment of atopic dermatitis. But on comparison of both the agents, Corticosteroids are found to be more efficacious than Tacrolimus.