Введение. Лейкоз крупного рогатого скота (КРС)-широко распространённая во всём мире инфекция, возбудитель которой-вирус лейкоза крупного рогатого скота (ВЛКРС) по структурному строению и функциональным особенностям схож с вирусом Т-клеточного лейкоза человека (HTLV-1 и HTLV-2) и рассматривается как актуальная медико-социальная проблема. Изучение иммунного ответа у экспериментально инфицированных телят на ранней стадии развития болезни, синтеза специфических антител классов G (IgG) и M (IgM), диагностической информативности выявления IgM при лейкозе КРС актуально и определяет цель данного исследования. материал и методы. Образцы крови и сыворотки крови КРС: животных, экспериментально инфицированных ВЛКРС, больных лейкозом КРС; контрольные отрицательные; специфические к гетерологичным возбудителям болезней КРС. Непрямой и сэндвич-вариант твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа (ТФ ИФА); коммерческие наборы ТФ ИФА (IDEXX, США; ООО «Хема», ФКП Курская биофабрика фирма «БИОК», Россия) для выявления специфических IgG и IgM к ВЛКРС, в реакции иммунодиффузии в агаровом геле (РИД). результаты. Гуморальный иммунный ответ развивается вскоре после инфицирования-к 1-8-й неделе. IgM выявляются начиная с 3-х суток, а IgG-с 7-х суток после заражения. Обнаружено до 97% совпадений положительных результатов в РИД и непрямом варианте ТФ ИФА на основе моноклональных антител к IgM КРС. обсуждение. Динамика синтеза антител классов М и G к гликопротеину gp51 ВЛКРС имеет дозозависимый волнообразный характер, согласуется с уровнями повышения/снижения абсолютного и относительного количества лейкоцитов/лимфоцитов крови инфицированных телят. Выводы. Сывороточные специфические IgM обнаружены начиная с 3-х суток после инфицирования ВЛКРС. Раннее выявление IgM в сыворотке крови КРС может быть использовано как дополнительный тест для выявления больных животных.

The main specific functions of B-cells are carried out with the help of membrane receptors. Binding of the receptor to its ligand activates a cascade of reactions leading to the formation of memory cells and protective antibodies. The study was conducted to analyze the phenotypic profile of sheep blood B-cells in the process of postvaccination immune response to an inactivated vaccine against pathogens of acute intestinal diseases of animals. Romanov sheep at the age of 1.5 years were immunized twice with a 2-week interval. Studies were conducted before vaccination and on the seventh, 14th, and 21 days of the immune response. The phenotype of B-cells was determined by immunoperoxidase staining using monoclonal antibodies to CD receptors. A simple radial immunodiffusion reaction was used to assess IgG levels. Vaccination of sheep with an inactivated vaccine caused an increase in the level of the general population of leukocytes and a subpopulation of B2 cells ( p < 0.05). The absolute number of leukocytes increased on the seventh and 14th days of the primary immune response and on the seventh day of the secondary immune response compared to the initial values. The number of B2 lymphocytes with the CD5 – IgM + phenotype increased and amounted to 9.0 × 10 6 cells/mL on day 7 and 11.2 × 10 6 cells/mL on day 14 of the primary immune response (4.5 × 10 6 cells/mL before the introduction of the vaccine). An increase in the level of the CD5 – CD19 + IgM + CD20 + lymphocyte subpopulation was noted in the first 2 weeks of the immune response and was 2.5 times higher than the initial value. Data were obtained on the absence of the effect of vaccination on the level of lymphocytes with the CD5 + CD19 + IgM + phenotype (B1-cells), which did not change during either the primary or secondary immune response, which indicates the independence of priming of the two main subpopulations of B-cells. The structural components of the immune system in the process of immunogenesis are not activated simultaneously, and when evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination, functional interrelations of immunological indicators are of particular importance. A strong correlation between the indicators of B2‑cells and the level of total immunoglobulins of class G ( r = 0.9) indicates a positive effect of vaccination.

The function of the immune system of animals is influenced by a fairly large number of external (environmental, anthropogenic, infectious) and internal (mutations, impaired protein synthesis) factors. The result of their exposure is either the activation of the entire system or its individual links, or its suppression, causing the development of an immunodeficiency state. The quantitative determination of proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily, namely, natural antibodies and cell receptors, provides valuable clinical information for clarifying the pathogenesis of the disease and differential diagnosis. The immunoglobulin profile of the body determines the functional ability of the immune system to recognize foreign agents. B-cell membrane immunoglobulins are the receptor for the antigen and are identical to its secreted form - the antibody. The modulation of their number reflects the processes of activation and inhibition of cellular reactions. The cell is constantly recycling membrane proteins. Similar processes occur with immunoglobulins, some of which are immersed in the cell, while others, on the contrary, are built into the membrane or secreted into the extracellular space in soluble form. Immunodiagnostics based on the determination of the immunoglobulins that make up the membrane and soluble pools makes it possible to assess the functional state of not only B cells, but also the immunoreactivity of the body as a whole. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the soluble and membrane forms of clinically healthy cattle immunoglobulins using poly- and monoclonal antibodies.

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