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The exponentially modified Gaussian (EMG) peak shape is widely used for peak approximation in chromatography. We constructed the EMG peak deconvolution routine for chromatography using a combination of two EMG formulas and linear optimization methods. A convenient way to determine the position of the EMG peak top was found. The routine accounts for the maximum linear range of the detector and can work with out-of-range peaks, where the detector saturation cuts off the top of the peak.The optimization routine is applied to the reconstruction of out-of-range peaks using correctly measured points, so that an analyst can get an idea of the height, area and concentration of such peaks as well as the prediction error in similar cases. Peak reconstruction helps in reducing the number of chromatographic runs during method development and routine work. The possibility of reconstructing out-of-range peaks using the pre-defined peak shape obtained while calibrating is also discussed.

Purpose The aim of this study was to create and assess biological activity of a new compound based on carnosine and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) that will comprise antioxidant effect with antiplatelet activity, while simultaneously preventing side effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Methods Salicyl-carnosine (SC) was synthesized by condensation of ASA and carnosine. Antioxidant activity was determined by spectrophotometric and chemiluminescence methods. Antiplatelet activity was carried out by the light transmissionaggregometry method using the inductor ADP. Chronic gastric ulcer in rats was modeled using glacial acetic acid. Results Using SOD-like activity, iron-induced chemiluminescence, BaSO4-activated respiratory burst, and evaluation of red blood cell structure stabilization during oxidative damage induced by sodium hypochlorite, it was shown that SC possesses antioxidant activity analogous, or better, than that of carnosine. Antiplatelet activity of SC was evaluated in the blood of healthy individuals, and was also shown to be comparable to, or exceeding that of ASA. Also SC demonstrates high resistance to hydrolysis by tissue and serum carnosinases. Most importantly, it was shown that SC has protected the gastric mucosa against the formation of stomach ulcerative lesions and promoted their epithelization, therefore overcoming the undesirable inherent side effects of ASA. Conclusions SC preserves pharmacologically significant properties of ASA and carnosine while retaining an anti-ulcer activity and resistance to the carnosinase hydrolysis at the same time. These properties are particularly promising for the potential development of new anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic drugs. KeywordsCarnosine . Acetylsalicylic acid . Salicylic acid . Antioxidant . Antiplatelet action . Gastrointestinal ulcer Abbreviations ASA acetylsalicylic acid CL chemiluminescence COX cyclooxygenase HPLC high performance liquid chromatography HRMS high resolution mass spectrometry LP lipoproteins LPO lipid peroxidation NBT nitroblue tetrazolium NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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