This study seeks to show if a possible negative deindustrialization process is in progress in Brazilian states, and whether it is due to the mismanagement of economic policies and also to the real exchange rate and favorable prices for primary products (Dutch disease). For this, we used a descriptive analysis of Brazilian states industrial indicators from 1996 to 2014 and estimates panel data models to assess the determinants of that process. The descriptive analysis of Value Industrial Transformation (VTI) share in GDP, manufacturing employment, productivity, industrial density and trade indicate that a possible deindustrialization process is underway, but this statement is shown complex while some indicators point to the opposite direction. The next step to confirm the finding was the estimations of panel models, using the dependent variables: the VTI share in the GDP state and the manufacturing employment share. The econometric results indicate, overall, direct relationship of real effective exchange rate and the openess degree of manufactured products, as well as statistical significance of them, about industrial variables states. Also, there was a negative relationship and statistically significant for commodities price index and interest rate. Thus, the evidences indicate a possible negative deindustrialization process on the way to Dutch disease and also on the way to economic policies.
Resumo Este artigo investiga a hipótese de desindustrialização nos estados brasileiros no período 1996-2014 e se o processo está atrelado às políticas econômicas (taxa de juros e abertura comercial) implementadas no país e ao contexto cambial e de preços favoráveis aos produtos primários. Para isso, analisa indicadores de produção e de emprego da indústria de transformação dos estados e estima modelos com dados em painel. Em síntese, os indicadores de desempenho industrial sinalizam um possível processo de desindustrialização em curso para alguns estados. Ademais, os resultados econométricos sugerem a relevância do contexto cambial e dos preços das commodities para explicar a menor capacidade da indústria de transformação estadual em gerar produto e emprego, evidenciando a hipótese de desindustrialização via doença holandesa.
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