Polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy are common among nursing home residents in Europe. Determinants of polypharmacy status include not only comorbidity but also specific symptoms, age, functional, and cognitive status.
BackgroundAims of the present study are the following: 1. to describe the rationale and methodology of the Services and Health for Elderly in Long TERm care (SHELTER) study, a project funded by the European Union, aimed at implementing the interRAI instrument for Long Term Care Facilities (interRAI LTCF) as a tool to assess and gather uniform information about nursing home (NH) residents across different health systems in European countries; 2. to present the results about the test-retest and inter-rater reliability of the interRAI LTCF instrument translated into the languages of participating countries; 3 to illustrate the characteristics of NH residents at study entry.MethodsA 12 months prospective cohort study was conducted in 57 NH in 7 EU countries (Czech Republic, England, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands) and 1 non EU country (Israel). Weighted kappa coefficients were used to evaluate the reliability of interRAI LTCF items.ResultsMean age of 4156 residents entering the study was 83.4 ± 9.4 years, 73% were female. ADL disability and cognitive impairment was observed in 81.3% and 68.0% of residents, respectively. Clinical complexity of residents was confirmed by a high prevalence of behavioral symptoms (27.5% of residents), falls (18.6%), pressure ulcers (10.4%), pain (36.0%) and urinary incontinence (73.5%). Overall, 197 of the 198 the items tested met or exceeded standard cut-offs for acceptable test-retest and inter-rater reliability after translation into the target languages.ConclusionThe interRAI LTCF appears to be a reliable instrument. It enables the creation of databases that can be used to govern the provision of long-term care across different health systems in Europe, to answer relevant research and policy questions and to compare characteristics of NH residents across countries, languages and cultures.
The AdHOC study, by virtue of the use of a common comprehensive standardised assessment instrument, is a unique tool in examining older recipients of community care services in European countries and their widely varied organisation. The extreme differences seen in dependency and hours of care illustrate the probable contribution the study will make to developing an evidence based on the structure, quantity and targeting of community care, which will have major policy implications.
RÉSUMÉAvant les années 1990, la plupart des recherches portant sur l'évaluation des résultats des programmes de soins à domicile, notamment sur les efforts pour retarder le placement, maintenir le fonctionnement et assurer l'autonomie des aîné(e)s, ne reposaient pas sur des fondements théoriques. Les résultats attendus des programmes étaient rarement mentionnés. L'élaboration de nouvelles politiques exige maintenant une évaluation complète des besoins et une agrégation des données recueillies. Depuis qu'un nombre croissant de patients quittent l'hôpital avec des problèmes cliniques complexes et que les objectifs de réhabilitation deviennent plus étendus, on assiste à une explosion des services de soins à domicile. Les modèles de soins sociaux, bien que toujours en cours, ne constituent désormais qu'une mince part du marché des soins offerts à domicile. Dans cet environnement en mutation, la pertinence des programmes de soins dans les établissements ou des autres soins dispensés suite à une maladie grave soulève de nouvelles interrogations. On s'interroge également sur les déplacements des clients entre les diverses installations de soins suite à des maladies graves. Cet article décrit un ensemble de mesures fonctionnelles, comportementales et sociales proposées en lien avec l'évaluation des effets des programmes de soins faisant suite à une longue maladie. L'instrument normalisé de collecte de données utilisé est le Resident Assessment Instrument for Home Care (RAI-HC). L'article présente un résumé des mesures proposées et témoigne de la validité de groupes identifiés à partir d'un échantillon national des clients de soins à domicile. Les données soulignent les différentes caractéristiques des clients entre les organismes et attestent que le RAI-HC permet de recueillir des données fiables et valides pour décrire les populations et évaluer l'efficacité des programmes.
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