To address the absence of level 1 or 2 evidence to support CCM treatment decisions, there is a need for large studies of CCM treatment with a concurrent control group, ideally with randomized treatment allocation.

Abstract. Most e-mail readers spend a non-trivial amount of time regularly deleting junk e-mail (spam) messages, even as an expanding volume of such e-mail occupies server storage space and consumes network bandwidth. An ongoing challenge, therefore, rests within the development and refinement of automatic classifiers that can distinguish legitimate e-mail from spam. A few published studies have examined spam detectors using Naïve Bayesian approaches and large feature sets of binary attributes that determine the existence of common keywords in spam, and many commercial applications also use Naïve Bayesian techniques. Spammers recognize these attempts to thwart their messages and have developed tactics to circumvent these filters, but these evasive tactics are themselves patterns that human readers can often identify quickly. Therefore, in contrast to earlier approaches, our feature set uses descriptive characteristics of words and messages similar to those that a human reader would use to identify spam. This preliminary study tests this alternative approach using a neural network (NN) classifier on a corpus of e-mail messages from one user. The results of this study are compared to previous spam detectors that have used Naïve Bayesian classifiers. Also, it appears that commercial spam detectors are now beginning to use descriptive features as proposed here.

This article discusses the Maori construction of a national Maori identity by the Maori media, and by Maori radio in particular. It then suggests that this is creating a Maori nation within the state of New Zealand. This is an important development for Maori and for the future of New Zealand society. The article suggests that Maori are creating a fully developed identity as required by the radical democratic theories of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, and, as such, will provide a practical case study of their theories.

The NZ news industry—owners, management and education sectors—has long agreed that the news media requires more Maori journalists. The industry has long recognised an imbalance does exist, whatever its characterisation. But the solution is not as simple as it seems.

At this moment in New Zealand’s history there is a need for healthy political debate on a range of issues. Specifically, the foreshore and seabed issue has created division and fears between Māori and Pakeha and brought the Treaty of Waitangi to the fore again. As well, settlements of historic grievances with Māori have added to growing Pakeha unease. In this climate there is a need for wide-ranging public discussion of these issues, and the news media seem the obvious site for those discussions. But how well are the New Zealand news media fulfilling that role? This commentary takes the public sphere to be the sum total of all visible decision-making processes within a culture and uses this concept as an analytical tool to examine aspects of the health of New Zealand’s democracy. It uses discourse analysis approaches to show how the mainstream media are in fact isolating Māori from the general public sphere and, after outlining some general aspects of the Māori public sphere, argues that the news media’s methodologies, grounded in European-based techniques and approaches, are incapable of interacting with the Māori public sphere. I am arguing that while there is an appearance of an increased awareness and discussion of cultural issues, the mainstream media are, in reality, sidelining Māori voices and controlling the political discussion in favour of the dominant culture. They are therefore not fulfilling their self-assigned role of providing information for people to function within our democracy. Keywords: