In this work we collected the results of a study based on L2 Spanish writing tasks [Manchón 2016]. The analyzed corpus is based on letters written by Russian teenagers who study Spanish as a foreign language and native Spanish teenagers. In order to analyze the written texts of native and non-native speakers, syntactic and lexical complexity are established [Bulté & Housen 2012], as well as an accuracy rate [Polio 1997; Wolfe-Quintero et al. 1998]. These measurements have been com - monly used in second language acquisition studies [Mavrou 2016], and this allows us to discuss the results and to relate them to previous data obtained in similar studies. In addition, contextual adequacy will be measured taking into account communicative intention. Based on the obtained results, we will give some didactic recommendations for teaching writing skills to teenage students in formal education contexts.
Las investigaciones sobre aprendizaje incidental de vocabulario han demostrado que es posible aprender unidades léxicas a partir del visionado de input audiovisual. Además, existen evidencias de que diversas formas de subtítulos incrementan este aprendizaje. Algunos nuevos tipos de subtitulado han mostrado mayores ganancias léxicas que las modalidades tradicionales. Destacan entre estos los subtítulos intralingüísticos aumentados, o con glosas, y los subtítulos bilingües, puesto que ambos facilitan el acceso al significado. Sin embargo, no se ha determinado cuál de estos tipos de subtítulos genera mayor aprendizaje de vocabulario cuando ambos cuentan con glosas. El presente estudio investiga los efectos de los subtítulos intralingüísticos y bilingües aumentados sobre el aprendizaje incidental de vocabulario receptivo mediante el visionado de input audiovisual por parte de aprendientes de el2/le en contexto de no inmersión. Se trata de un estudio cuasiexperimental en el que participaron 82 estudiantes, de una universidad estadounidense, de nivel intermedio-bajo en español. Aunque las ganancias léxicas fueron pequeñas, los resultados indican que ambos tipos de subtítulos pueden favorecer el aprendizaje de vocabulario a nivel de la asociación entre forma y significado. Los resultados no registraron diferencias significativas en los efectos de los dos tipos de subtítulos. Si bien la mayoría de los participantes usó las glosas disponibles en las pistas escritas, no se evidenció que esto incidiera en los beneficios obtenidos del tratamiento. Se observaron distintos patrones de aprendizaje de los ítems según su frecuencia léxica, siendo la banda de frecuencia léxica media la que recoge mayores ganancias.
The study focuses on the interaction between length of exposure and instruction in the L2 English acquisition process of L1 Spanish school children. Two target structures involving noun premodification are targeted: noun–noun (NN) compounds and adjective–noun (AN) strings. Four groups of participants have been studied for 3 years: a group that has been exposed to a specifically designed teaching program targeting NN compounds and a group that has received the regular English instruction program which does not address this structure as part of the curriculum. Two age subgroups appear in each case. The longitudinal judgment data elicited show that performance improves in the cooperation between length of exposure and the exposure to the NN instruction program. Furthermore, it is this last issue that actually takes the lead in that the NN instruction program directly impacts on not only NN compounds but also AN strings. This points to instruction being determinant in the L2 learning process; that is, a consciously and carefully directed instruction is proven to be more effective than length of exposure itself. This study on longitudinal experimental data contributes to shed light on the factors involved in instructed L2 acquisition.
El uso de los tiempos de pasado en la construcción de la temporalidad en español L2 en niveles avanzados de competencia The use of Spanish past tenses in the construction of temporality in advanced learners of Spanish L2
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