Field and Landsat data were integrated to precisely map the structural orientations of gully erosion sites within Orlu-Okigwe axis Southeastern Nigeria with the aim of assessing the structural aspects of both the causes and effects of gully erosion and their associated hazards within the study area. Sixteen (16) gully erosion sites were mapped and studied. All the gully erosion sites in the northeastern and northwestern parts of the study area are more developed than those in other parts of the area. These areas are dominated by Ameki and Nsukka Formations which porous, permeable, fissile and friable properties of their sand/sandstone units aid being easily dispersed. The average gully geometries-length, width and depth of the studied gullies range from 138.4 to 1997m, 9.7 to 42m and 12.4 to 62m respectively. Their approximate cross sectional area ranges from 63.05 to 1197m 2 with the average soil volume loss ranging from 0.13 x10 5 to 8.47x10 5 m 3 and drainage slope range of-0.02 to 0.03. The gully erosion at Ezumezu Urualla in Ideato North Local Government area was observed to have the highest volume of soil loss (8.47x10 5 m 3). This could be as a result of the intense scouring effect of surface run off occasioned by the enhanced topography of the gully axis with the highest drainage slope of 0.03. The end of the Ezumezu Urualla gully site terminated at a straight course path of the flowing Orashi River which is at its youthful stage with pronounced vibrancy thereby acting as a quick sediment receptacle. This condition permits quick transportation of washed out soils to the river which moves same downstream instantly. All the gully erosion sites in the study area trend in the NE-SW direction which coincides with the trend of one of the trans-oceanic mega lineaments (Chain and Charcott fracture zone) which extended into the Nigerian section of the African craton. This is indicative of the fact that the erosion menace in the area is structural as evidenced by high concentration of lineaments within the vicinity of these gullies. The major rivers in the area exhibit dendritic patterns depicting structurally controlled river system and flow in the NW-SE direction (with their tributaries flowing majorly in the NE/SW direction) which are perpendicular to the trend of the gullies. This shows that the direction of flow of major rivers in the area follows axis of recent structural failures whereas the gullies trend along the axis of ancient structural failures. The lineament density in the study area varies from 20-50km per 100km 2 in the area. Out of the 368 lineaments digitized from edge enhanced Landsat7 ETM+ data about 48 lineaments plot along the NE-SW direction which represents about 13% of the entire data. Subordinate trends include N-S, NNE-SSW, NNW-SSE and NW-SE directions. Thus there is a direct relationship between the trend of the observed major lineaments as structural features and the trend of the gullies in the area. The likely cause of the gullies in the study area is not just only the well known surfa...

Airborne magnetic dataset Studies were carried out in parts of South eastern Nigeria. Airborne magnetic data covering the study area was acquired, processed, and interpreted with the aim of determining the depth to basement of for hydrocarbon potential in the study area. Various data enhancement techniques such as reduction to equator, Analytica Signal, First Vertical Derivative (FVD), upward continuation and 3D euler deconvolution were carried out on the magnetic data in order to filter unwanted signals. Analysis such as sediment thickness was evaluated using the Extended Euler Depth solution. Sediment thickness within the southern Benue Trough ranges from 151.1 to 1297.4 m. Afikpo Basin has sediment thickness ranging from 513.9 to >3469.6 m, while Anambra Basin has sediment thickness ranging from 228.4 to >3469.6 m. the thickest sedimentary unit within the Afikpo Basin is geographically located around Bende,

The geoelectrical characterization of soils underlying the Idonyi River Dam site Amaeke-Abam, Southeastern Nigeria has been carried out with a view to determining the presence or otherwise of deleterious matter along the dam axis down to a depth of 37m below the surface; evaluate the geo-structural setting of the concealed bedrock, the fracture pattern and possible dam seepage along the dam axis and its banks as well as giving suggestions on any other measures/studies that may be needed for a proper engineering design. The study area is around the river located between latitudes 5 o 34'N-5 o 37'N and longitudes 7 o 39'E-7 o 42'E. Heights above sea level in the area range from 68 to 91 meters. The survey was carried out with Abem Terrameter SAS 1000C. The sounding stations were laid out in three (3) profiles; eight (8) VES on each profile. A total of twenty-four (24) VES data were conducted. The Schlumberger electrode configuration was adopted to a total spread length of 110 meters (AB/2 of 55 meters). Results showed that resistivity values of between 182 and 2637Ωm at the eastern part of the River and another range of 6.2 to 848Ωm in the western end suggest overriding sandy substratum to east and overriding shaly characteristics to the west. These results show clearly that the area around Idonyi is porous with relatively higher sandy fractions.The derived parameters on both sides of the river agreed with the standard parameters required for a dam construction. The failure of a previous dam near the river is thus attributable to much seepage due to overriding sandy substratum. To avoid the seepage, the base of the dam should be blanketed with an impervious material such as shale. The area, being the most fertile area (phosphatic Ameki units) with CRIN, NRRI, FRIN, RCRIN having research institutes near the river, a dam is necessary here and this study has shown that it is possible to have a dam with solid foundation. However, we suggest a baseline data survey of water quality before any construction so as to monitor any contamination trend due to impoundment.

A web based user friendly document encryption application software was developed as a better cryptographic online system used in securing important tertiary institutions’ documents such as students' Official Grade Report (OGR) sheets, computed and approved results, transcripts, examination and test question papers, Senate/Council documents and any other sensitive or important document needed to be secured from unauthorized users. It is a known fact that problems like unsecured information, information misuse, tampering of sensitive documents by unauthorized persons, stress of hiding sensitive documents from unauthorized persons and locating hidden sensitive documents exist in any system/unit where proper data security mechanism is not in place. In this research work, an online cryptographic system was designed, using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, to secure important documents. The Analysis and Design of this system followed the Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) using web tools. The output of the software shows that the application can encrypt files and save in the database and can only be decrypted using a cipher key automatically generated by the system. With this software, sensitive information can be easily accessed without stress or fear and it has created a more reliable and safer platform to secure such sensitive documents other than the primitive method of using username and password.