Aim: To provide information on the interactive influence of Sida acuta and Rauvolfia vomitoria on the hippocampus of albino rats using neurohistological parameter. Methods: Thirty-five (35) female adult albino rats were used for the experiment. They were randomly divided into seven groups of five animals in each group. Group 1: The control group was given feed and water ad libitum for 28 days. Groups 2-7 served as the experimental groups. Group 2: Received 200 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta leaf extract for 14 days. Group 3: Received 212.5 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaf extract for 14 days. Group 4: Received 200 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta and 212.5 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria leaf extract for 14 days. Group 5: Received 200 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta leaf extract for 14 days, then              212.5 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria for the remaining 14 days. Group 6: Received             400 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta leaf extract for 14 days, then 425 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria for the remaining 14 days. Group 7: Received 600 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta leaf extract for 14 days, then 850 mg/kg body weight of Rauvolfia vomitoria for the remaining 14 days. Results: Sida acuta at the tested dose of 200 mg/kg body weight induced degeneration of pyramidal cells when compared to the control, Rauvolfia vomitoria at the tested dose of 212.5 kg/mg body weight exhibited neuroprotective effect, co-administration of both Sida acuta at 200 mg/kg body weight and Rauvolfia vomitoria at 212.5 mg/kg body weight and administration of Rauvolfia vomitoria after Sida acuta at increasing doses significantly reverse these changes to near normal when compared to the group that received 200 mg/kg body weight of Sida acuta for 14 days. Conclusion: Rauvolfia vomitoria had the potential of ameliorating the neurodegenerative effect caused by the Sida acuta leaf extract on the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus albino rats.

Aim: This research aimed at investigating the applicability of linear measurements of Bicoronoid (BRB) and Bimental Breadth (BMB) of mandible in sex determination in four geo-political zones in Nigerian. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was adopted for this research. Place and Duration of Study: Anthropometric data were obtained from adult mandibles from selected medical schools across four geo-political zones in Nigeria from January to June 2021. Methodology: 52 males and 30 females mandibles were used for this study. Bicoronoid Breadth (BRB) and Bimental Breadth (BMB) were measured using vernier caliper and data analyzed using SPSS IBM version 23.0. Results: Descriptive analysis of BRB and BMB showed higher mean values for males 98.25mm and 45.79mm than females 90.99mm and 44.03mm respectively. Independent t-test analysis of the parameters showed significant sexual difference at 95% confident interval. The discriminant function analysis sufficiently discriminated sex and after cross-validation, BRB accurately predicted 82.7% males and 53.3% females while BMB accurately predicted 84.6% males and 26.7% females. Conclusion: Bicoronoid and Bimental breadth measurements of mandible are recommended for sex determination in forensic investigation due to its role in sexual dimorphism.

Aim: This research aimed at deriving discriminant function equation from Bicondylar Braedth (BCB) and mandibular Notch Breadth (MNB) for sex determination. Study Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study was adopted for this research. Place and Duration of Study: BCB and MNB measurements were obtained from 13 universities across South – South, South – East, North Central and South – west geo – political zones in Nigeria from January to June 2021. Methodology: BCB and MNB were measured from 52 males and 30 females mandibles using vernire caliper. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS IBM version 23.0. Results: Descriptive analysis of BCB showed higher mean values for males 115.46mm compared to females 107.78mm; while MNB showed a higher mean value for females 25.00mm compared to males 24.41mm. Independent t-test analysis of the parameters showed BCB had significant sexual difference while MNB did not show significant sexual difference at 95% confident interval. The discriminant function analysis of BCB well discriminated sex and after cross-validation, BCB accurately predicted 82.7% males and 56.7% females but MNB could not discriminate sex. Conclusion: BCB is a reliable parameter for sex determination which is fundamental in forensic investigation whereas MNB is not suitable for sex determination.