Background: The risk of CKD is high in Saudi Arabia due to increasingly growing prevalence of its risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the level of awareness of Saudi population towards CKD risk factors in order to generate platform for future planning. Methodology: This study included 940 apparently healthy Saudi volunteers, their ages ranging from 17 to 65 years old with a mean age of 35 years. A purposeful questionnaire was designed and used for obtaining data about the CKD risk factors. Results: Out of 940 participants, 293 (31.2%) were males and 647 (68.8%) were females, giving males "females" ratio of 1.00:2.21. About 62.3% of the participants were found to believe that DM is one of the main risk factors for CKD, of whom, 74% were males and 57% were females. Approximately 60% of the participants were found believing that hypertension is one of the main risk factors for CKD, of whom 79.5% were males and 51.6% were females. Conclusion: There is an increasing in the prevalence of CKD risk factors among Saudi population. Although, the levels of awareness toward some CKD risk factors are relatively increasing, but more health education efforts are deemed importance.

Objectives: To assess communities' basic knowledge of palliative care by developing a questionnaire. Methods: This prevalence study, an anonymous online questionnaire, was answered by 326 individuals living throughout Saudi Arabia over one month. The questions concerned the basic principles and knowledge of palliative care. We collected the data between February and May 2019. Results: The results showed that 72% of the respondents had neither heard nor knew about palliative care. Those who know about palliative care assess their knowledge as the following: 17.8% of the respondents reported that they knew the meaning and could explain it to others. As well, 10.5% knew the meaning but could not explain it to others; 9.3% had heard of it but did not know the meaning, and 62.4% had never heard of it. Conclusion: The research showed that there is a lack of knowledge about palliative-care among the population of Saudi Arabia. Data shows that there should be more efforts toward providing the community with better knowledge about palliative care.

IntroductionChoosing a postgraduate career path is a significant and complex decision for medical students. It involves gaining knowledge about a wide array of specialties to gain a comprehensive understanding of the specialties. The current study explored Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine students’ perceived knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward postgraduate trainingMethodsThis was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey study conducted in April 2016 to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward postgraduate training among the students of Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine.ResultsNinety-two students participated in the study. Of these, 74% were in the pre-clinical years (years 1, 2, and 3). The mean age of participants was 21. Students reported having a poor level of knowledge regarding the types of material covered in license exams (46.2% had responses classified under ‘poor’). Forty-six percent of students had a positive view of whether problem-based learning (PBL) prepared students for clinical scenarios. Of the total respondents, 24% reported having chosen a specialty while 78% of the students reported participating in extracurricular activities. Negative responses progressively decreased with each academic year.ConclusionThis study highlights the significant lack of knowledge of medical students about the covered types of material in Saudi medical licensing exams. Nevertheless, they have adequate levels of awareness and acknowledgment, improve themselves, and modify their own weaknesses. Moreover, medical students show a positive attitude towards PBL that gives the ability to connect and relate to undergraduate studies and apply it to clinical practice. The delay in perceiving their own interests leads to an inadequate shift of focus. However, more studies are mandatory to explore the reasons behind the medical students’ lack of knowledge and the factors involved in choosing their specialties.

Background: Increasing awareness level and health education can reduce the burden of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) at community base. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the level of knowledge towards CKD manifestations in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a descriptive prospective study including 900 apparently health Saudi volunteers, their ages ranging from 18 to 65 years old with a mean age of 34 years. A purposeful questionnaire was deliberated and used for obtaining data about the CKD. Results: Out of 900 contributors, 268 (29.8%) were males and 632 (70.2%) were females, giving males:females ratio of 1.00:2.36. About 102/900 (11.3%) of the participants (all of them were females) were found to believe that CKD has no specific symptoms. Conclusion: The awareness towards CKD manifestation is relatively low, which necessitates the important of community based intervention including health educational programs.

Background: Several studies have well-established the relationship between breast cancer and etiological hormonal factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine breast cancer related awareness and approach toward exposure to diverse patterns of hormones among women in Northern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a cross sectional survey included 400 Saudi females' volunteers living in the city of Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia. Knowledge, awareness and approach toward exposure to diverse patterns of hormones and breast cancer risk were evaluated using different variables during interview. Results: On asking the participants the question "Does the over exposure to hormones (ER) increases the risk of breast cancer" Out of 387 respondents, 47.5% answered yes increases the risk of breast cancer. On asking the participants the question "Does early puberty and late menopause increase the risk of breast cancer" Out of 395 respondents, 35.2% answered yes increases the risk of breast cancer. Conclusion: Knowledge of hormonal breast cancer risk factors is not so strong so as to achieve the intended values in Northern Saudi Arabia. Knowledge of breast cancer risk factors can powerfully participate to the breast cancer prevention struggles, which will have the chief results mainly if started at an early age and continued over a lifetime.