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The current study was conducted to evaluate the immunoenhancement effect of Moringa oleifera leaves alcoholic extract (MOLE) versus Oregano essential oil (OEO) against cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppression in broilers chicks. A total of a three hundred one-day-old chicks were assigned randomly into three main dietary groups, control, MOLE, and OEO for 14 days. After 14 days the three main experimental groups were subdivided into six groups, control, cyclophosphamide, MOLE, MOLE and Cyclophosphamide, OEO, and OEO and cyclophosphamide. Each group of these six groups was subdivided into three subgroups. Supplementation of broiler chicks with MOLE and OEO for 14 days significantly increased body weight compared to the control group. However, injection of broiler chicks with cyclophosphamide significantly induced body weight loss, impaired immunological response represented by decreasing total leukocytic count, differential leukocytic count, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and hemagglutinin inhibition titer for New Castle disease virus, lymphoid organs depletion, and increased the mortality rate. In contrast, supplementation of cyclophosphamide treated chicks with MOLE and OEO significantly reduced cyclophosphamide induced body weight loss and impaired immunological responses, as it showed significant increase in body weight, total leukocytic count, differential leukocytic count, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and hemagglutinin inhibition titer for New Castle disease virus, lymphoid organs proliferation, and reduced the mortality rate. This study indicated that MOLE and OEO supplementation ameliorated cyclophosphamide induced body weight loss and impaired immunological responses.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of soybean with shrimp by-products (SBp) in African catfish (Clarias lazera) diets on productive (growth, digestibility, body composition, dressing yield, blood parameters, immunity) and economic performances. Therefore, 750 fingerlings (~20.0 g) were distributed into five groups of 150 fingerlings/group with three replicates (n = 50) per group. Group 1 was fed a basal diet, while G2 and G3 were fed diets containing 25% SBp (autoclaved and acid-treated, respectively) as soybean replacer for 12 weeks, while, in G4 and G5, SBp level was 50%. All growth and nutrient utilization parameters (body weight, Wg, ADG, PER, FCR, and digestibility), plasma proteins, and immunity significantly increased in G4 and G5. Anemia screening markers recorded insignificant differences between the tested groups and control one, whereas lipid markers of plasma and fish body decreased by autoclaved SBp and increased by acid-treated SBp. The African catfish body dry matter and crude protein percentages were enriched by the addition of SBp. Replacing the soybean meal decreases diet costs and diet costs/1 kg of weight gain. In conclusion, replacing soybean with SBp (especially 50% acid-treated) positively influenced productive and economic performances with friendly effects to avoid the environmental pollution by these wastes.

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