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The objective of this work was to reach the best treatment that caused the high rooting and survival percentages in guava semi-hard wood cuttings. Investigation was carried out at the Baramoon Experimental Farm, Horticulture Research Institute Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt during two seasons 2016-2017. The semi-hard wood cuttings were taken in May and July from 22 years old uniform trees of guava cv. Montakab El-Sabahia cv. immediately after collection, all cuttings were soaked in 15% activated charcoal (AC) for 3 hours. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized blocks design. Number of treatments were 9; (IBA 3000ppm T1, IBA 4500ppm T2, IBA 5000ppm T3, Ethephon 600ppm + Benzoic acid 100ppm + IBA 3000ppm T4, Ethephon 600ppm + Benzoic acid 100ppm + IBA 4500ppm T5, Ethephon 600ppm + Benzoic acid 100ppm + IBA 5000ppm T6, Ethephon 600ppm + Citric acid 100ppm + IBA 3000ppm T7, Ethephon 600ppm + Citric acid 100ppm + IBA 4500ppm T8 and Ethephon 600ppm + Citric acid 100ppm + IBA 5000ppm T9). Cuttings collected during May gave the better results. Among different treatments T5 could be recommended, as it was the best in teams of rooting percentage 70%, number of roots per cutting 4.3, length of roots 4.32 cm, root fresh weight per cutting 3.35g and survival percentage of rooted cuttings 50%.

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This article identifies different operational codenames adopted by the Nigerian military in special domestic operations from 1966-2019 and examined whether the operations were executed in line with the codenames. In Nigeria, the military has an established tradition of codenaming special operations, in both internal and foreign missions. Since 1966, the Nigerian military has been involved in internal security management and codenamed all the operations using both English and local language names. The aftermath of the first military coup d'état on 15th January 1966, was the beginning of military involvement in domestic security operations in addition to their constitutional responsibility of defending the territorial integrity of the country. The Effect Perspective (TEP) is adopted as the theoretical framework which gives proper nuance to the study. Methodologically, data were elicited through in-depth interviews. The findings explain why several military operations have failed to achieve the objectives of their codenames. It concludes that there is no correlation between the operational codenames and their outcomes of special military operations in Nigeria because the desired results of restoring peace have not been achieved within the specific time frame given when they were launched. The paper concludes that the majority of special military operations launched in Nigeria failed below expectations and unable to restore peace in their country in line with the operational codenames as a result of factors identified in the study.

Crop simulation models (CSM) are now widely used to predict the future crop yields, to find the suitable measures for increase the crops productivity and to simulate the potential effects of genetic characteristics, irrigation water, soil and climatic conditions, together with the management practices on yield. The objective of this work is to evaluate the ability of AquaCrop model to simulate growth and yield of pomegranate under different climatic conditions, soil and irrigation water. Experiments were conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons in tow governorates of Egypt (ElBehera and North of Sinai). The data required to run the AquaCrop model relate to climate were obtained from the America's space agency (NASA) and the physical and chemical characteristics of soil and irrigation water for different study locations were obtained from field sample analysis of soil and irrigation water. The validation and calibration of model was performed using field observations relative to yield data in 2016 and 2017. The results show the observed values of pomegranate yield in the field were greater than the simulated values in two seasons of study 28.543, 30.433 for first location of study (ElBehera) respectively and 10.638, 10.978 ton/ha for second location of study (North of Sinai) respectively, but the differences between them were very low. The averages of annual climatic data have the most significant impact on pomegranate yield. The agreement between observed and simulated yield data was good with root mean square error (RMSE), index of agreement (D) and coefficient of determination (R 2). Statistical indicators, RMSE, D and R 2 confirmed that the model is very reliable for simulating pomegranate yield for experiments (ElBehera and North of Sinai) in 2016 and 2017 seasons (low RMSE, D and R 2 near 1), The relationship between observed and simulated yield produced RMSE ranged from 0.53 to 9.11%, D ranged from 0.985 to 0.994 and (R 2) = 0.99. It was concluded that calibrated AquaCrop model was able to simulate growth and yield of pomegranate in tow experiments.