varyan neoplazmlar; yüzey epitelyal tümörler, germ hücre tümörleri ve seks kord gonadal stromal tümörler olmak üzere üç kategoride incelenmektedirler. 1 Seks kord gonadal stormal tümörler ise granüloza hücre tümörü (GHT), tekoma ve luteoma olmak üzere kendi içinde üçe ayrılmaktadır. 2 GHT, kısraklarda en yaygın görülen seks kord stromal tümör tipidir. 1 Kısraklardaki tüm tümöral vakaların %2,5'ini genital kanal tümörlerinin %85'ini oluşturmaktadır. 3,4 Kısraklarda GHT bakımından belirgin bir ırk yatkınlığının olmadığı, GHT görülme yaşının 2-20 yıl arasında değiştiği (ortalama 10,6 yıl) bildirilmiştir. 5 Bu kısraklar üç farklı

Background: Pyometra is defined as chronic purulent inflammation of the uterus that causes changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The disease is characterized with bacterial infection and pus accumulation in the uterus. Transabdominal B-mode ultrasonography provides easy and certain diagnosis of this disease. The hemodynamic changes in pyometra are evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. The aim of the study is to determine the changes in hematological parameters and Doppler indices in bitches with pyometra, diestrus healthy bitches and evaluate the relationship between hematological parameters and hemodynamic indices within the both groups.Materials, Methods & Results: A total number of 27 bitches were enrolled in the study. The healthy diestrus bitches (group H; n = 7) aged 6.2 ± 1.14 years, weighted 14.57 ± 3.75 kg. The bitches with pyometra (group PYO; n = 20) aged 9.1 ± 0.62 years and weighted 17.65 ± 2.60 kg. Before all bitches had ovariohisterectomy, hematological analyses were performed. Transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) was performed with a 6.6 MHz convex transducer. The widest cross-sectional uterine diameter (UD), wall thickness of uterine horns (UWT) and presence of luminal content were evaluated. Diameter of the uterine artery (DUA) was measured on a mapped color image using the USG software program. The examination was carried out with pulsed-wave Doppler USG to characterize the waveform of the uterine artery (UA). Anechogenic areas in uterine lumen, increase in UD and UWT were observed in group PYO. All cases in group PYO had luminal content in both uterine horns ranging from 1.2 to 5.6 cm. The DUAs were measured in group H and in group PYO as 1.75 ± 0.03 mm, 1.94 ± 0.08 mm; respectively (P < 0.05). The PI and RI values of group PYO were lower than group H (P < 0.001). Hematological analysis results showed that RBC, HGB, HCT levels in group PYO were lower than group H (P < 0.001). However, WBC, NEU, LYM, MONO levels in group PYO were higher than group H. Hemodynamic indices were positively correlated with RBC, HGB, HCT, whereas they were inversely correlated with NEU, WBC, UD and UWT. Also, PI value was negatively correlated with MONO.Discussion: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) is a predisposing factor for development of the pyometra in bitches. Besides, naturally occurring CEH and pyometra can arise independently from each other. The enlarged uterine body exhibits the development of intense exudative processes due to the higher proliferative stimulation in uterine infections. Uterine infections were associated with increase in uterine blood flow. Elevated uterine blood flow, vasodilatation and angiogenesis arise during inflammatory response. The inflammatory process leads to a diminution in hemodynamic indices of uterine arteries. Total blood count parameters are affected from the presence of pyometra. Elevated levels of leukocytes in bitches with pyometra are associated with worsening prognosis. Erythrocyte diapedesis into the lumen of the uterus, toxic depression of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow can cause anemia. In conclusion, hematological parameters were strongly correlated with hemodynamic indices in this study. Reduced RBC, HGB and HCT levels, decreased PI and RI values and elevated levels of UD, UWT, DUA were observed in group PYO. To our knowledge, this was the first study that observed the increase in DUA during pyometra in bitches.

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The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the amount of vascularization in the preovulatory follicle wall and pregnancy establisment with colour Doppler ultrasonography. Colour Doppler ultrasonography images from 26 Arabian mares in breeding season were evaluated in the study. Mares no abnormalities in the reproductive system and mild-manner mares were handled. Preovulatory follicle (&gt;35mm) was monitored twice in a day by transrectal B-mode ultrasonography and colour Doppler ultrasonography until the ovulation day. Follicular vascularization images which were incorporated into the study, were monitored 18 hours before the ovulatio Also amount of pixels in colour Doppler images were evaluated with computer-based image analysis program. The mares were mated naturally with a stallion. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography on day 14 to day 30 after mating. As a result of ultrasonography examination, mares were divided into two groups as pregnant (n=13) and non-pregnant (n=13). The statistical difference between the amount of vascularization in the preovulatory follicle wall of pregnant mares and the amount of vascularization in the preovulatory follicle wall of non-pregnant mares was compared by t-test. As a result of the study, there were no significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant mares in terms of area, volume and intensity units of coloured pixels in the preovulatory follicle wall (P&gt; 0.05). In conclusion, it was observed that the quantitative evaluation of the colour Doppler images of the preovulatory follicle wall in mares in the breeding season cannot be used in the diagnosis of pregnancy.