Purpose: The aim of this paper was to describe 2 cases of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) of the conjunctiva with intracorneal and intraocular extension following intraocular surgery. Methods: We conducted a clinical pathological retrospective case series. Results: Case 1 underwent cataract surgery in the setting of an unnoticed adjacent OSSN. An excisional biopsy with cryotherapy and intraoperative mitomycin C was subsequently performed, confirming OSSN. The patient had two recurrences treated topically with resolution. While the conjunctiva remained clear, a corneal haze emanating from the cataract incision site was noted. Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for this haze revealed midstromal infiltrative carcinoma. Case 2 had a history of herpes simplex keratitis that ultimately required corneal grafts. Fifteen years later, he developed an OSSN treated with excisional biopsy and had clear margins. Eight months later, he presented with a recurrence of his OSSN and was treated briefly with topical interferon for 4 weeks; however, he developed an infectious keratitis with a corneal perforation requiring another PK. Four months after PK, low-grade inflammation was noted. Cytology of the anterior chamber aspirate revealed neoplastic squamous cells. Another PK was then performed. Pathology confirmed extensive intraocular neoplasia. Limited exenteration was performed. Conclusion: Patients with a history of OSSN may be at increased risk of neoplastic intraocular extension following intraocular surgery.

Background The occurrence of acute leukemia in patients with sickle cell anemia is uncommon. The Philadelphia chromosome is the hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia. However, it may also be associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloblastic leukemia. The common BCR-ABL1 transcripts seen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia are e1a2, e13a2, and e14a2, while other transcripts such as e1a3, e13a3, and e6a2 occur rarely. This report describes the presentation, management, and outcome of the occurrence of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the rare e1a3 BCR-ABL1 transcript in a patient with sickle cell anemia. Case presentation A 19-year-old male Nigerian, a known sickle cell anemia patient was admitted on account of severe vaso-occlusive crisis. Examination revealed fever, palor, and jaundice. Full blood count showed anemia and leukocytosis. Peripheral blood and bone marrow smears revealed numerous large and small lymphoblasts in keeping with the L2 subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia based on the French–American–British classification. Further evaluation was in keeping with a diagnosis of BCR-ABL1-positive mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with the rare e1a3 transcript. He was commenced simultaneously on induction chemotherapy and Imatinib while being prepared for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, he died  six  months after diagnosis from meningoencephalitis. Conclusion The occurrence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with a rare BCR-ABL1 e1a3 transcript in association with sickle cell anemia is uncommon and associated with poor prognosis.

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary chronic haemolytic disorder characterised by repeated vaso-occlusion and chronic haemolysis resulting into chronic complications such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and early mortality. Aim This study is aimed at assessing the arterial blood pressure indices and the clinical implications in individuals with SCA compared with normal Haemoglobin AA among young adult individuals in Nigeria. Subjects and Methods A total of 132 young adults (18–35 years) participated in the study. They were classified into two groups; 69 cases (participants with Hb SS) and 63 age and sex matched controls (participants with Hb AA) which were purposively selected after haemoglobin typing using electrophoresis method. Blood pressure (BP) measurement was done three times after five minute rest using a validated digital sphygmomanometer (Lumiscope) of appropriate cuff size attached to the arm. The average of the last two measurements was calculated and used as the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Pulse Pressure (PP), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Rate Pressure Product (RPP) was calculated using standard formulae. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and alpha value was set as < 0.05. Results The mean SBP [110.62 ± 10.55 vs 114.94 ± 9.49 (t=-2.297, p = 0.023)], DBP [66.20 ± 7.06 vs 77.06 ± 8.44 (t=-6.956, p < 0.0001)] and MAP [81.01 ± 8.21 vs 89.69 ± 7.92 (t=-5.774, p < 0.0001)] were significantly low while the PP [44.42 ± 8.60 vs 37.88 ± 8.14 (t = 4.187 ± p < 0.0001)] was significantly low among the participants with SCA. Conclusion This study showed that SCA is associated with significantly lower SBP, DBP, MAP while PP was significantly higher when compared with age and sex matched young adults with normal haemoglobin type.

This study assessed the effect of Haemoglobin SS (Hb SS) on cormic index and some other body anthropometric indices among students of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. A total of 100 young adults (18–40 years) participated in the study. They were classified into two groups; 50 cases (participants with Hb SS) and 50 control (participants with Hb AA) which were purposively selected after haemoglobin typing using electrophoresis method. The cases and controls were age-and sex-matched. The weight, sitting and standing height were measured by using Seca stadiometer-model 216 following standard protocol. Cormic index (CI%) was calculated using sitting height x 100/ standing height while the body mass index (BMI) and body surface area were calculated using Keys and Mosteller formulae respectively. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and alpha value was set at p < 0.05. The mean values of weight in kg [54.39 ± 5.54 vs 60.48 ± 8.65 (t=- 4.195, p < 0.001], body mass index in kg/m2 [19.58 ± 2.08 vs 21.48 ± 2.91 (t = 6.068; p < 0.001)], cormic index in % [44.71 ± 6.05 vs 50.03 ± 1.33 (t = -3.760; p < 0.001)], subischial leg length in cm [92.22 ± 10.76 vs 83.84 ± 4.41 (p < 0.001; t = 5.092)] and body surface area in m2 [1.59 ± 0.09 vs 1.68 ± 0.14 (p < 0.001, t = -3.798)] of cases were significantly different from those of controls respectively. In conclusion, this study showed that Hb SS is associated with lower weight, sitting height, BMI, BSA and cormic index but higher subischial leg length when compared with Hb AA.

Objectives Hypoxia is a known feature of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) which results from chronic anaemia and recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis which can cause tissue ischaemia that leads to an end organ damage. The hallmark of SCA is chronic anaemia and recurrent vaso-occlusive crisis. The aim of this study is to compare the oxygen saturation of sickle cell anaemic individuals with the normal haemoglobin type (Hb AA) control and also to determine the prevalence of hypoxemia among SCA. Results Two-hundred and twenty-two (136 Hb SS and 86 Hb AA) participated in the study. The mean ± SD of age (years), oxygen saturation (%) and pulse rate (bpm) of participants with sickle cell anaemia and Hb AA control were 21.85 ± 3.04 and 22.14 ± 3.18 (t = 0.701, p = 0.436), 95.21 ± 3.02 and 98.07 ± 0.81 (t=-8.598, p < 0.0001) and 77.10 ± 9.28 and 73.16 ± 8.52 (t = 3.173, p = 0.002) respectively. The prevalence of hypoxemia among SCA participants was 47.1%. Prevalence of hypoxemia in males with SCA was 60.9% while 39.1% of the females had hypoxemia.