Proprioceptive mechanisms appear to play a role in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint and may serve as a means for interplay between the static stabilizers and the dynamic muscle restraints. The aim of this study was to investigate proprioception of the joint in healthy and surgically repaired shoulders. Shoulder proprioception was measured in 44 subjects who were assigned to two experimental groups: group 1, healthy subjects (n = 24); and group 2, patients who have undergone surgical reconstruction (n = 20). Joint position sense was measured with a Cybex NORM isokinetic dynamometer. The results revealed no significant differences in proprioception between the dominant and nondominant shoulders in group 1. No significant mean differences were revealed between the surgical and contralateral shoulder in group 2 under any test condition. These results imply that arm dominance in healthy individuals does not influence the proprioceptive sensibility and that reconstructive surgery appears to restore some of these proprioception characteristics.

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Advanced arthroscopic findings are associated with poor functional results in patients with septic arthritis of the knee joint. In addition, the time between the initial symptoms and the surgery directly affects the functional results.

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Electrostimulation along with exercise therapy appears superior to exercise alone regarding knee effusion, swelling and pain recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Still, there is need for further clinical studies using a radiologic method to demonstrate this effect of electrostimulation.