Athletes’ nutrition status, somatotype, and adequate dietary intake are strongly related to their sport performance. Examining those markers in adolescent age is essential in order to develop the optimum physical characteristics for the future. This study was conducted to identify the nutrition status based on anthropometry value, somatotype, food and fluid intake of youth athletic athletes in Indonesia. Descriptive quantitative design was used in this study. Subjects participated in the study were 25 youth athletic athletes from Students Education and Training Program (Program Pembinaan dan Pelatihan Pelajar) in Yogyakarta and Aceh, and School of Sports (Sekolah Keolahragaan) Ragunan, Jakarta Selatan. Anthropometry measurement consists of body weight, height, body fat percentage, and somatotype. Nutrition status was identified according to BMI/age and height/age. Food and fluid intake were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall interview and semi quantitative fluid frequency questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed and the result was presented in mean and deviation standard. BMI/age values in male and female athletes were -2 SD ≤ Z ≥ +1 SD (normal) and +1 SD ≤ Z ≥ +2 SD (overweight), respectively. Height/age value for both gender was normal in -2 SD ≤ Z ≥ +2 SD. Percentage of body fat ranged in 12-16% for males and 18-28% for females. Somatotype category for males was ectomorphic mesomorph (2.3-5.0-3.3) and endomorphic mesomorph (4.4-5.6-2.0) for females. Fulfillment of energy and carbohydrate was found inadequate (< 80%), whereas fat intake was found excess (> 110%). Total fluid intake was ranged from 2700 ml to 5800 ml per day. Overweight nutrition status was still found in female athletes. Ideal somatotype was found only in male athletes. Excessive percentage of body fat was detected in both gender. Total energy, macro nutrients, micro nutrients, and fluid intake were inadequate compared to dietary recommendation.

Para-atlet dikenal juga dengan sebutan atlet yang menyandang disabilitas pada bagian tertentu. Pembagian cabang olahraga pada difabel atlet hampir sama dengan atlet umumnya, namun memiliki penyesuaian terhadap jenis cacat fisik yang dialami. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi profil antropometri dan  pemenuhan asupan zat gizi pada atlet difabel tenis meja. Metode yang digunakan pada studi ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu atlet difabel tenis meja di bawah pengawasan Kementrian Pemuda dan Olahraga, Indonesia yang sedang melakukan training centre untuk persiapan Sea Games 2017. Sampel yang diikutkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh populasi atlet difabel tenis meja nasional yang berjumlah 16 orang. Data antropometri yang diukur yaitu tinggi badan, berat badan, persen lemak tubuh dan somatotipe. Data pemenuhan asupan zat gizi didapatkan melalui wawancara makan dengan kuesioner recall 24 jam. Pengukuran antropometri menunjukan bahwa atlet tenis meja laki-laki memiliki tubuh yang lebih tinggi dan berotot dimana atlet perempuan cenderung lebih banyak presentase lemak tubuh. Hal ini didukung dengan nilai persen lemak tubuh atlet perempuan dan komponen somatotipe bagian endomorf yang lebih tinggi, sedangkan komponen somatotipe mesomorf yang menunjukan otot lebih tinggi pada atlet laki-laki. Rata-rata pemenuhan asupan zat gizi makro pada atlet tenis meja laki-laki dan perempuan diketahui < 80% yang masuk dalam kategori pemenuhan asupan makan yang kurang. Identification of Anthropometry and Dietary Profile on Table Tennis Para-Athlete in Indonesia AbstractPara-athlete also known as an athlete who has physical disability. The division of sports in difabel athletes is almost the same as athletes generally, but it has an adjustment to the type of physical disability experienced. The aim of this study is to identification anthropometry dan dietary profile on table tennis para-athlete. The study used quantitative descriptive methods. Population of this study is table tennis para-athlete under supervision of Ministry of Youth and Sports on training centre Sea Games 2017. Sample that include in this study is all of 16 table tennis national para-athlete. Measurements of atnhropometry are height, weight, body fat and somatotype. Measurement of dietary intake using food recall 24 hours questionnaire. Anthropometry measurement shows that male athletes have a higher and lots of muscle posture when women athletes have more body fat. The data also shows value of endomorf somatotype and percent body fat on women higher than male athletes. Dietary intake of energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat shows < 80% which mean inadequat intake of daily food.

Football is a stop-and-go sport which causes great amount of sweat excretion. Therefore, water and electrolytes replacement is necessary. Sports drinks based on natural compounds, such as coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.), has been highly developed because of its high electrolytes and carbohydrate content. Palmyra saps, as well as coconut water, contains electrolytes and carbohydrate. The ability of palmyra saps water to rehydrate body fluid is still scientifically unproved. This study was conducted using crossover design. Eighteen male students took part in this study. Each subject drank 250 ml of solution before the exercise and 300 ml of solution every 20 minutes during the 2 hours rehydration phase. Blood collections were done 3 times; before exercise, after exercise, and after 2 hours of rehydration. Urine collections were done 3 times; in the morning, after 1 hour of rehydration, and after 2 hours of rehydration. No significant difference (p≥0,05) in palmyra saps brand (ASK) and coconut water brand (AKK) group for blood osmolality and hematocrit. Urinary Na + and K + value after 2 hours rehydration phase in ASK and AKK group have significant difference (p<0.05). Urinary Na + value and urine osmolality after 2 hours rehydration phase in palmyra saps brand and coconut water brand group have significant difference (p<0.05). Significant difference in volume, urine specific gravity and urine color from 2 groups is found between 1 hour after rehydration phase and 2 hours after rehydration phase.

<p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p><strong></strong> <strong>Latar belakang:</strong> Kajian status gizi pada atlet renang merupakan hal yang fundamental karena berperan dalam menunjang performa. Sementara itu atlet difabel memiliki beberapa karakteristik yang berbeda dengan atlet biasa, sehingga perlu memperoleh perhatian tersendiri. Studi mengenai kajian status gizi pada atlet difabel di Indonesia belum pernah dilakukan, sehingga penulis mencoba mengkaji status gizi atlet difabel cabang olahraga renang dari aspek antropometri serta asupan makanan dan cairan.</p><p><strong>Tujuan:</strong> Mengkaji status gizi atlet renang difabel dari segi antropometri serta asupan makanan dan cairan.</p><p><strong>Metode:</strong> Subjek yang terlibat adalah atlet difabel renang sebanyak 18 orang (16 laki-laki dan 2 perempuan) berusia 15-34 tahun yang sedang menjalani masa karantina untuk persiapan ASEAN Para Games 2017 di Malaysia. Pengukuran antropometri meliputi komponen berat badan, tinggi badan, persen lemak, dan somatotype. Penentuan status gizi berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dan Lingkar Lengan Atas (LLA). Kajian asupan makanan dan cairan dilakukan dengan wawancara recall 24-hours yang menanyakan asupan makan dalam satu hari terakhir dan<em> Semi Quantitative Fluid Frequency</em> yang menanyakan asupan cairan selama satu minggu terakhir. Seluruh data dianalisa secara deskriptif serta ditampilkan dalam bentuk rata-rata dan nilai simpang baku (SD).</p><p><strong>Hasil:</strong> Sebanyak 11 dari 18 atlet memiliki status gizi normal, sementara sisanya memiliki status gizi berlebih atau overweight. Hasil pengukuran persen lemak adalah 16% pada atlet laki-laki dan 29% pada atlet perempuan, lebih tinggi dari persen lemak atlet renang profesional (13% dan 26%). Somatotype atlet renang difabel didominasi kategori ectomorphic mesomorph. Asupan energi zat gizi makro dan mikro masih tergolong kurang dengan pemenuhan di bawah 80% dari kebutuhan yang direkomendasikan.</p><p><strong> Kesimpulan:</strong> Beberapa aspek antropometri belum sesuai dengan standar atlet profesional, dan pemenuhan asupan makanan serta cairan belum optimal sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Diperlukan pemberian diet dan latihan yang tepat untuk mencapai perawakan fisik terbaik dan meningkatkan asupan makanan.</p><p><strong>KATA KUNCI :</strong> difabel, renang, antropometri, asupan makan, status gizi</p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Backgrounds:</strong> In the strategy of fostering athletes’ performance, examining their nutrition status is essential as the guide to plan the proper diet and physical training. However, physical impairment in disabled athletes gives extra challenge in assessing the nutrition profile, particularly on anthropometric measurements.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To identify the nutrition status based on anthropometry value, food and fluid intake of disabled swimming athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Descriptive quantitative design was used in this study. Subjects participated in the study were 18 disabled swimmers in national training camp for 2017 ASEAN Para-Games. Anthropometry measurement consists of body weight, height, %body fat, and somatotype. Nutrition status was identified according to BMI and MUAC. Food and fluid intake were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall and Semi Quantitative Fluid Frequency Questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 16, and the result was presented in mean and deviation standard.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Nutrition status of athletes based on BMI and MUAC illustrated that 11 (61%) athletes had normal nutrition status, 6 (34%) were overweight, and 1 (5%) was obese. Body fat percentage for female and male athletes were 29% and 16%, respectively, higher than recommended value (26.6% and 13%) Endomorphic mesomoprh was dominant as the somatotype value of athletes, contradicted to standard value in professional swimmer (balanced mesomoprh or central). Dietary intake of athletes was found to be inadequate with %intake for energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 55%, 66%, 79%, and 49%. The inadequate fluid intake was also found with the intake was 3222 ml/day.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results indicate that several anthropometry values such as %body fat and somatotype of disabled swimming athletes in this study were still differ from anthropometry standard of professional swimmers. Total energy, macro nutrients, micro nutrients, and fluid intake were inadequate compared to dietary recommendation.</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> disabled athlete, swimming, anthropometry, dietary intake, nutrition status</p>

Background: Anthropometry characteristic was significantly correlated with nutrition status, and both factors significantly contributed to athletes' sports performance. Somatotype as one of the anthropometric values can be used as screening or “diagnosis” in selecting new talents. The changes in athletes’ body composition by inadequate dietary intake and over-consumption relate to the performance quality of athletes. Objective: The study aimed to compare football athletes' somatotype profiles and dietary intake in different playing levels in Indonesia. Methods: A total of 112 adolescent football athletes in 4 playing levels; elite national team (ENT), advanced senior team (AST), advanced junior team (AJT), and amateur college athletes (ACT), performed somatotype measurement and dietary intake assessments using 3x24-h food recall. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to illustrate the difference among ENT, AST, AJT, and ACT groups, while a post-hoc test was used to verify pairwise comparison. Results: All groups showed a significant difference in somatotype profiles and dietary intake. The somatotype profile of ENT group, categorized as balanced mesomorph (2.5-5.2-2.2), was the closest to the ideal profile of elite football athletes and was the most mesomorph among other groups. The somatotype of the AST group was the least mesomorph (1.5-3.2-3.0). Adequate energy intake was found only in the ENT group, whereas inadequate (<80%) in other groups. None of the groups consume an adequate amount of carbohydrates. The lowest dietary intake was found in the lowest playing level group, ACT. The somatotype profile and dietary intake of the ENT group were the most optimum compared to other groups, although the excess intake of fat should be noticed. Conclusions: The somatotype profile of elite athletes in the ENT group was the closest to the ideal somatotype of elite football athletes in high-level competition. Dietary intake in the ENT group was also the most adequate, although the excess fat intake should be noticed.