There are a number of helping verbs in Jordanian Arabic that are confused with light verbs or serial verbs. This paper, first, establishes the criteria on which they have been identified as auxiliary verbs. The paper shows the similarities and differences between the inflection of lexical verbs and AUX's in JA. It also tackles the loss of θassigning properties which is the crucial property that differentiates between AUX and lexical and serial verbs. Second, given the fact that Arabic has rich verbal morphology which provides enough justification for factoring TP into TP and AspP (and perhaps AgrP), the study adopts an articulated version of the IP, in which inflection is separated into its constituent components, each has a maximal functional projection. The study also builds on Ouhalla's proposal (1990, 2005) that auxiliaries originate outside the VP shell. Based on evidence from the distribution of VP adverbs, negation and floating quantifiers, the paper proposes that auxiliaries in Jordanian Arabic are classified under two lexical auxiliary groups. T-aux are borne in a functional projection under T, but raise to T 0 to carry and reflect tense, while Asp-aux are base-generated under Asp 0 and only raise to T in the absence of a T-Aux.

This paper addresses the acoustic characteristics of pronouncing /r/ and number of trills in the healthy and disordered cases. The study focuses on one type of disorder; the distortion due to functional reasons. Three kinds of distortion in adults were investigated: the approximate back distortion, the trill back distortion, and the retroflex alveolar distortion. Ten patients of each kind participated in the study. These were compared against Ten healthy participants who produced correct /r/. The productions were recorded on CSL, and the acoustic characteristics were analyzed through Praat. The comparisons were made between the correct /r/ when appearing in /ra/ syllables in different positions. Other comparisons were made when /r/ was geminated or in isolation. This helped study the differences between correct and distorted /r/.

Deglottalization occurs when a word starts with the definite article hamzatu l-waSl 'connective glottal stop' and in some noun and verb cases. In this paper, we address deglottalization in Jordanian Arabic (JA) from the standpoint of syntax-prosody interface. We study the mapping of syntactic phrases onto phonological ones. We argue that JA marks left edges of phonological phrases in the case of deglottalization. We discuss the role of epenthesis in easing the transition between words when the first ends with a closed syllable. We also maintain that Arabic resorts to compensating the deleted syllables so as to preserve the structure of syllables before the application of the rule; the syllable produced after deglottalization has the same structure as that of the definite article before the application of deglottalization.

The first part of the study is concerned with 'emphatic sounding' in Arabic as one of the distinguished characteristics of Arabic highlighted by old linguist and Tajweed scholars on one hand, and by modern researchers on the other. As for the second part, it tackles the movement of the back part of the tongue and its movement toward the pharyngeal area when producing the emphatic consonants. This is done by using X-Ray pictures taken by Cardiovacular – cardiac cath and Cine- Fluora Scopy machines. The study focuses on the phonetic differences between emphatic consonants and the non- emphatic ones, with regard to shape of the pharyngeal channel and the back oral one. The consonants discussed in this paper are /ðˤ, tˤ, dˤ, sˤ/ and their counterparts consonants, in addition to, the uvular consonants /q, χ, ġ/,and the two alveolar consonants /I , r/ in empathic case. توقفت هذه الدراسة عند خاصية التفخيم في اللغة العربية، فبينتْ مفهوم مصطلح التفخيم- بوصفه خاصية صوتية تميزت بها اللغة العربية- عند كل من المتقدمين من علماء اللغة وعلماء التجويد من جانب، وعند الدارسين المحدثين من جانب آخر، وكان هذا موضوع المبحث الأول. أما المبحث الثاني فعني بتتبع حركة مؤخر اللسان ومدى انسحاب جذره باتجاه جدار الحلق الخلفي عند إنتاج الصوامت المفخمة باستخدام التصوير بالأشعة السينية (x- rays) بوساطة جهازي Cine – Fluoro Scopy، وCardiovacular – Cardiac, Cath – machine، فدُرستْ الفوارق النطقية بين الصوامت المفخمة ونظائرها المرققة من حيث شكل القناة الحلقية ومؤخر القناة الفموية. والصوامت المدروسة في هذه الورقة هي الصاد، والضاد، والطاء، والظاء ونظائرها من الصوامت المرققة، بالإضافة إلى الصوامت اللهوية وتمثل كلا من القاف، و"الخاء والغين" في حالة التفخيم، والصامتين اللثويين ويمثلان كلا من اللام والراء في حالة التفخيم أيضا.

This paper addresses the techniques of treating patients with functional disorders of pronouncing sibilants in Arabic. The sounds under question are /s/, /z/, /ṣ/. The main disorders that are studied here are: substitution and distortion. A descriptive analytical approach was followed; patients from different ages of functional pronunciation disorders of sibilants were observed. The researchers collected data from a questionnaire which was distributed to 46 speech therapists. The questionnaire focused on the techniques these therapists use with patients who have sibilant production disorders. The research first reviews the techniques used to treat the /s/ sound as a main sibilant and then builds on these techniques to treat /z/ and /ṣ/ sounds. The research found that the treatment techniques depend on the type and form of the speech disorder, and the transitional arrangement for treating hissing sounds in Arabic starts with treating /s/ which is the easiest to pronounce -then /z/ and finally /ṣ/. The findings also emphasize that while treating the patient, it is important to increase his/her mental and auditory awareness of the problem. Finally, it was found that the number of treatment sessions varies according to the patient's motivation and ability to correct the sound after hearing it, in addition to his/her follow-up treatment outside the treatment sessions.