NBI could be the standard examination for the early detection of superficial cancer in the H&N region and the esophagus.

In response to the rapid and wide acceptance and use of endoscopic treatments for early gastric cancer, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES), in collaboration with the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association (JGCA), has produced ‘Guidelines for ESD and EMR for Early Gastric Cancer’, as a set of basic guidelines in accordance with the principles of evidence‐based medicine. These Guidelines cover the present state of knowledge and are divided into the following seven categories: Indications, Preoperative diagnosis, Techniques, Evaluation of curability, Complications, Long‐term postoperative surveillance, and Histology. Twenty‐three statements were finally accepted as guidelines, and the majority of these were obtained from descriptive studies with lower evidence levels. A number of statements had to be created by consensus (the lowest evidence level), as evidence levels remain low for many specific areas in this field.

Background : Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a recognized treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC). One-piece resection is considered to be a gold standard of EMR, as it provides accurate histological assessment and reduces the risk of local recurrence. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a new technique developed to obtain one-piece resection even for large and ulcerative lesions. The present study aims to identify the technical feasibility, operation time and complications from a large consecutive series. Methods : We reviewed all patients with EGC who underwent ESD using the IT knife at Results : During the study period of 4 years we identified a total of 1033 EGC lesions in 945 consecutive patients who underwent ESD using the IT knife. We found a one-piece resection rate (OPRR) of 98% (1008/1033). Our OPRR with tumor-free margins was 93% (957/1033). On subgroup analysis it was found to be 86% (271/314) among large lesions ( ≥ 21 mm) and 89% (216/243) among ulcerative lesions. The overall non-evaluable resection rate was 1.8% (19/1033). The median operation time was 60 min (range; 10-540 min). Evidence of immediate bleeding was found in 7%. Delayed bleeding after ESD was seen in 6% and perforation in 4% of the cases. All cases with complications except one were successfully treated by endoscopic treatment.Conclusion : The present study shows the technical feasibility of ESD, which provides one-piece resections even in large and ulcerative EGC.