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Continuous monitoring of environmental parameters is necessary in order to achieve maximum plant growth in a greenhouse system. The aim of this study is to perform a real time data monitoring from multiple sensors in greenhouse using Arduino and Excel add-ins. DHT22 sensors, BH1750 sensor are the main sensors used in this study which give the exact value of temperature, humidity, and light intensity, respectively. Arduino Uno board provides multiple inputs analogs and I/O digitals were utilized to read the data sensor aforementioned that applied for the greenhouse. The level of accuracy of each sensor was compare to the standard device results. The results show that the accuracy of the sensors measurement is very good. This system design is real time, simple and low cost that given ability for user to monitor, collect, and to plot their greenhouse environments data in an Excel sheet.

Leaf area and leaf number is an important factor in many agronomic and plant physiological studies. The measurements are commonly obtained by destructive and time consuming via laboratory. Therefore, there is a trend in utilizing fast and non-destructive methods to estimate leaf area and leaf number. The aim of this study was to estimate leaf area and leaf number of pak choy (Brassica rapa) under field condition. For this purpose, 180 pots of pak choy plants were captured. Afterward, the images were analysed via image processing. Distance transform-watershed segmentation was used to extract and to separate every leaf from its background. The area of each leaves were estimated according to the pixel values obtained. The area of leaves also compared to the ImageJ measurement. The number of extracted leaves was evaluated according to precision, recall, and f-measure calculation. In conclusion, our system achieves a good performance for minimal occlusion leaves and provides quick and non-destructive method. This method could potentially be applied to design phenotyping system in the greenhouse even for small scale companies.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a holistic environmental accounting procedure which quantifies and evaluates all wastes discharged to the environmental and raw materials consumed throughout the entire life cycle, beginning with sourcing raw materials from the earth through manufacturing and distribution to consumer use and disposal. Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in application oil palm industry in Indonesia. Scientific approach through LCA can be used as a tool to assess this issue. LCA can be used to ensure that all environmental impacts has been considered for deciding action, calculating environmental impact that might occur, comparing process performance and developing data base for further research. In this regard, LCA can be used as a tool to support decision making on environmental improvement conducted by enterprise or government. Other advantage taken from LCA is that it can be used for in comparing and evaluating products which have similar functions or uses. The target of LCA is to compare the whole environmental damage caused by product or particular activity and then select one option which have the least damage risk. In Indonesian case, the data access that can be used in this LCA study is very limited. Number of LCA study on Indonesian biodiesel production come up with different result. This difference could be due to data inconsistency and did not present the actual condition found in the field. According to those aforementioned situations, an effort to address this issue should be conducted by identifying and presenting actual condition of Indonesian palm oil estate. In this research, LCA will be used to analyze the prospect of oil palm industry in Aceh province Indonesia based on sustainability and environmental impact. This study is aimed to analyze implementation of life cycle assessment for oil palm industry (upstream to downstream) in Aceh Province Indonesia.

This study investigated the effects of multiple blended binders on the properties and performance of concrete pavement. Mineral admixtures, namely, silica fume, metakaolin, and rice husk ash, are used to replace ordinary Portland cement at replacement levels of 0% (control mix), 5%, 10%, and 15% by mass-to-mass basis. The performance of the multiple binders on the concrete pavement properties was evaluated based on compressive strength, strength reduction, and strength activity index. Results showed that the mineral admixtures can be satisfactorily used as cement replacement materials to increase the properties of pavement concrete. Moreover, concrete pavements with 5% and 10% replacement levels exhibited excellent performance with good strength.