No abstract

Health-care-associated infections is one of the causes of high mortality among inpatient children. Globally, prevalence nosocomial infection are 8.7%. In Indonesia, prevalence of nosocomial infection at 2014 are 148.703 cases. One of the Gram negative pathogen that has been known can cause nosocomial infection is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aims to know patient characteristic with P. aeruginosa infection at Sanglah Hospital. This research is descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach conducted in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. The study used secondary data from medical records of pediatric patients who were proven to have P. aeruginosa infection through microbiological examination while undergoing treatment at Sanglah hospital in the period of Februari 2017-Mei 2019. Incomplete medical record data were excluded from the study. There were 30 children with positive blood culture P. aeruginosa. Most of them were male (17/30), with underlying disease pneumonia (13/30), length of stay before infection 16,8 days, total length of stay 28,5 day. Most patients died (19/30). 7 patients had history positive blood culture before P. aeruginosa infection. 29 patients using peripheral intravenous line (mean 22.5 day). Most patients were sensitive to Cefepime (80%) and resistant to Ampicilin Sulbactam (80%). Characteristic patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection mostly were male, with underlying disease pneumonia, using medical device peripheral line, and died. Most of them were sensitive to Cefepime and resistant to Ampicilin Sulbactam.

BACKGROUND: Changes in cardiac function and structure in adolescent athletes increase the population’s risk for sudden death. No studies in Bali, Indonesia, have examined changes in cardiac function and structure in adolescent athletes compared to non-athlete. AIM: The objective of the study was to evaluate the cardiac function and anatomical structure of adolescent athletes. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study of male adolescents aged 15–18 years at the high school of Denpasar, Badung, Gianyar, and Tabanan from September 2019 to November 2020, using consecutive sampling. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to assess differences in heart rate, mass and left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, and diastolic function, while independent t-test was used to assess mean differences in the cardiac output index. RESULTS: A total of 88 subjects participated in this study. Heart rate in adolescent athletes was found to be slower than in non-athlete, with a median of 63.5 (range 46–107) beats per minute (p < 0.001). The mass and thickness of the LV (interventricular septum) in adolescent athletes were greater than non-athlete with a median value of 149.61 (range 101.02–280.80) g and 9 (range 6–12) mm with p < 0.001 and 0.005, respectively. There was no significant difference in diastolic function and cardiac output index among adolescent athletes compared to non-athlete. CONCLUSION: Significant structural changes of the heart were observed in adolescent athletes (mass and thickness of the interventricular septum wall) but not in the function of the heart (diastolic function and cardiac output index). Adolescent athletes have a significantly slower heart rate than non-athlete.