Background Glioblastomas are the most common and highly malignant primary brain tumors in adults with a median survival of 15 months even with appropriate treatment. Extracranial metastases are extremely rare due to the poor prognosis not allowing sufficient time to spread. We report an extremely rare case of extracranial metastasis of supra-tentorial glioblastoma involving the skin, subcutaneous and muscular layers, periauricular region and parotid gland, and review the literature. A total of 13 glioblastoma parotid gland metastases cases have been hitherto described. Main body of the abstract A 42-year-old man underwent surgery for right temporal glioblastoma and received 60 Gy/30 fractions radiotherapy together with temozolomide at 75 mg/m2. Seven months later, the tumor relapsed and the patient underwent a second surgery while chemotherapy continued. Fifteen months later, he complained of swelling in the right neck region. Fine needle aspiration and tru-cut biopsy revealed a high-grade malignant tumor infiltration within the parotid gland. Despite salvage chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy, in his follow-up after 6 months neck swelling increased. The patient declined any treatment modality and continues his life 39 months after the primary diagnosis of intracranial glioblastoma. Short conclusion Due to the recurrence rate of intracranial glioblastoma and its malignant nature; close imaging follow-up is highly crucial. The increase in reported cases of its extracranial metastases is generally due to the modern diagnostic tools and prolonged survival attributed to the improvement in treatment modalities where now radical surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is standard protocol. Patients with glioblastomas presenting with swelling in the cervical region should be investigated to rule out parotid gland metastasis.

Background Spondylodiscitis is infections of the intervertebral disc and adjacent vertebral body with insidious onset. These infections are primarily haematogenous in origin. Early spinal infections after posterior spinal instrumentation usually occur within 3 months after surgery, whereas late infections may occur up to 8 years after surgery but are rare with an incidence of 1.9%. Case presentation We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman who complained of febrile back pain and developed late-onset spondylodiscitis 9 years after pedicle screw fixation, which is the longest-onset case. She was treated with surgical instrument removal and thorough debridement of the infected tissue with long-term antimicrobial treatment, with excellent results. Conclusions If there is radiculopathy and fever associated with spinal surgery in the history, it should be remembered that evaluation of lumbar spine MRI and acute phase reactions is crucial, and spondylodiscitis should also be considered in the preliminary diagnosis even after 9 years.

We present a unique case of 6th nerve palsy following accidental durotomy in endoscopic lumbar spine surgery, which has not been reported in the literature before. A 72-year-old female patient was admitted to our outpatient clinic complaining of right leg pain for 6 months. A 4/5 motor paresis was observed on her right toe with a positive Lasegue test at 45 . On her magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a L5-S1 disc herniation was detected.The patient was planned for percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar disc surgery. The extruded disc was adherent to the dura. During removal, a dural tear was observed. She was relieved of her right leg pain immediately after surgery, but after 30 min postoperatively, she complained of double vision with left abducens nerve paralysis. On cranial MRI, no abnormality could be observed. Intravenous fluids were administered and the paralysis