Demirsoy L., Demirsoy H., Celikel G., Macit I., Ersoy B., 2010: Seed treatment with GA 3 or stratification enhances emergence of some strawberry tree genotypes -Short communication. Hort. Sci. (Prague), 37: 34-37.The strawberry tree is a valuable ornamental plant because of its attractive red fruits in the fall and winter, and pinkish-white flowers in fall. Additionally, its fruits are processed into various products such as jam, marmalade, wine and alcohol. Since, propagation of the strawberry tree is difficult. This study aimed to examine the influence of stratification and GA 3 on breaking seed dormancy and enhancing emergence rate of Arbutus unedo. The influence of seed treatment with GA 3 or stratification at 4°C was examined on emergence of five genotypes of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) near the Black Sea in Turkey. Results indicate that emergence rate increased with increasing GA 3 concentration from 300 to 1,200 ppm and stratification duration from 5 to 15 weeks. In all examined genotypes, the highest emergence rate was obtained using 1,200 ppm GA 3 or 15 weeks of stratification. Regardless of the positive effects of the above treatments, seed emergence rates in all genotypes examined in this study were low. Application of GA 3 or stratification of seeds increased emergence percentage in all Arbutus unedo genotypes examined in the current study.

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As the production benefits of pruning fruit trees have been realized, growers have begun pruning periodically and, accordingly, various canopy training systems have begun to be developed. Following the genetic development of dwarfing rootstocks, interest has grown in the creation of modern training systems for smaller, more efficient orchards. During the formation of these training systems, it became apparent that branches of a certain size can alter the partitioning of growth resources (nutrients and carbohydrates) within the tree, delaying the formation of the target canopy structure as well as fruit bearing. In recent years, studies have focused on management of the buds related to branch development. Bud management describes such practices as debudding and selection of specific buds to promote the growth of the tree to achieve its most productive, efficient structure. This study determined the effectiveness of bud management for sweet cherry trees. The variety/rootstock combinations of 0900 Ziraat / M × M 60, Sweetheart / M × M 60, 0900 Ziraat / Gisela 5, and Regina / Gisela 6 were studied using bud management techniques, with the Vogel Central Leader training system as a control. The study was carried out in Samsun, Turkey, between 2010 and 2014. In the experiment, phenological observations (such as bud burst, first and full bloom, and harvest date) and tree values (such as shoot diameter and height; diameter, height, and number of the first branches from the trunk, amount of pruned branch mass; diameter and height of a 1-year-old shoot; number of 2-year-old or older shoots; volume of the tree canopy; and production values) were determined. Bud management resulted in homogeneous branching along the leader, less empty space in the canopy, healthy canopy formation in a shorter period, shorter and more uniform branches, an increase in 2-year-old shoots that could yield fruit, and trees that reached maximum productivity earlier.

-Introduction. Turkey potentially has a very rich source of sweet (Prunus avium) and sour (P. cerasus) cherries. P. avium is apparently native to some parts of Northern Turkey, where Giresun is located. Identification of the sweet cherry cultivars produced in Turkey will help in choosing appropriate cultivars and aid in the preservation of natural resources required for breeding studies. The most conventional method of cultivar identification is based on the assessment of morphological characteristics. However, this method is insufficient to distinguish closely related cultivars. The aims of our study were to determine the molecular profile of sweet cherry accessions grown in Giresun, Turkey, and to determine their genetic relationships. Materials and methods. In our study, we identified 44 sweet cherry accessions grown in Giresun by using genetic markers (SSR, Simple Sequence Repeat), and we determined the genetic relationships among the sweet cherry genotypes. For DNA isolation, we collected young leaves sampled on a single plant per accession, then amplification of microsatellite loci was performed. In total, ten SSR primer pairs, previously isolated from peach and sweet cherry, were used. Genetic similarity values were calculated. A cluster analysis was performed to generate a dendrogram. Results and discussion. Of the ten primers tested, six primer pairs did not result in suitable amplification products with the 44 accessions studied. The remaining four polymorphic SSR primer pairs produced 33 alleles with an average of 8.25 putative alleles per locus, ranging from 7 to 11. Depending on the accessions, similarity ratios ranged from 0.32 to 0.98, with a mean value of 0.64. In conclusion, the results obtained demonstrate a high level of polymorphism among sweet cherry genotypes from a single province in Turkey.

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