Background Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) is a rare malignant soft tissue neoplasm of ectomesenchymal origin. They usually arise from a major or minor peripheral nerve branch or its sheath and also from somatic soft tissues. The most common sites of origin include the extremities and trunk but can sometimes arise an unusual site resulting in the demise of the patient before any intervention. Case presentation We report a case of 58-year-old male who presented with complaints of weight loss of a year duration, abdominal swelling of 10 months duration and easy fatigability of 3 weeks duration. Digital rectal examination revealed a huge firm mass 6 cm from the anal verge which was non-tender. Abdomino-pelvic ultrasound scan revealed an irregular heterogeneous mass in the posterior wall of the urinary bladder measuring 15.1cmx 14.0 cm with bilateral dilatation of the renal pelvi-calyceal system and ureters. His clinical condition continued to deteriorate while on hospital admission, and he died on the12th day of admission. Post-mortem examination showed a rough ovoid tumour mass firmly adherent to the posterior wall of the bladder with compression of both ureters. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the tumour revealed the diagnosis of a MPNST. The final anatomical diagnosis and cause of death was that of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the urinary bladder with obstructive uropathy and severe sepsis. Conclusion MPNST can arise at unusual sites other than its common location in the extremities and the existence of neurofibromatosis may not be present. High index of suspicion of MPNST should be raised in rapidly growing painless tumour in and around a nerve tissue. Prompt radio-imaging with biopsy and expert immunohistochemical analysis of lesions will lead to early diagnosis and intervention. Molecular targeted therapies following surgery for MPNST should be developed to improve prognosis and patient outcomes.

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Diaphragmatic eventration (DE) associated with intestinal malrotation and renal agenesis is a rare entity. The authors report a case of a 69-year-old man who had symptoms of heart failure. He had a previous imaging diagnosis of right diaphragmatic eventration and dilated cardiomyopathy. He died on the second day after the hospital admission and had a post mortem examination that confirmed complete right diaphragmatic eventration, intestinal malrotation, left renal agenesis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and anteriorly rotated right kidney and had findings suggestive of a thoracoabdominal compartment syndrome. Thoracoabdominal compartment syndrome is described as transmission of abdominal pressure through a defective diaphragm causing compression of the hemithorax viscera and mediastinal shift with a hemodynamic alteration. The association of these anomalies is rare, and the possibility of this finding in a patient with eventration should always be considered.

Background: Turnaround time (TAT) analysis is finding increasing relevance in clinical laboratories due to its relevance in the quality of care of patients. TAT involves all the various processes that occur within the laboratory. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathology TAT of surgical biopsies at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 1085 samples received at the Department of Pathology, UCH, Ibadan, from January to April 2020. Samples were categorized into small, intermediate, and large sizes. Average duration spent in the grossing room, processing, reporting, and result verification was calculated, and the total TAT was determined from the summation of the duration of these processes. Results: The mean TAT for all samples was 22 days (±10 days). Reception-grossing, histological processing, reporting, and transcription accounted for an average of 1.5 (7%), 5.9 (27%), 9.1 (41%), and 5.6 (25%) days and percentage of TAT, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean TATs for small-, intermediate-, and large-sized samples. Conclusion: We identified reporting time as the largest contributor to TAT. Other areas of delay were noted at tissue processing and result verification. Adoption of new technology and staff orientation may help to reduce the observed TAT.

Background: Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors of lymphoid tissue in which there is a malignant proliferation of cells of the lymphatic system. They are the most frequent nonepithelial malignancy in the head and neck region. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological pattern of the disease in the head and neck region and trends in presentation seen in our center Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of cases of head and neck lymphoma (HNL) seen in the Pathology Department of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria over a period of 37 years (1981–2017). Information extracted from the records included the sociodemographics of the patients, tumor location, and histological type among others. Data were analyzed and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: There were a total of 373 cases of histologically and/or cytologically diagnosed HNL seen during the study period (an average of 10 cases per year). The mean age of patients was 33.5 ± 21.9 years with male:female ratio of 1.6:1. Most HNL were non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL), accounting for 91% of cases. Nodal disease was seen in 39% of cases. The bone (prominently, the jaws) predominated (25%) in extranodal lesions. Burkitt’s lymphoma was the most common specific subtype of NHL, occurring in 25.5% of cases. Conclusion: There has been an apparent upward trend in the prevalence of HNL over the past four decades, although other parameters such as age and sex predilection appear unaffected. Factors responsible for this trend need to be interrogated and ascertained.