Background. The number of gastrointestinal endoscopies in children is rapidly increasing without evidence of a parallel increase in disease burden. The positive yield of paediatric endoscopies outside certain conditions is small but the impact of normal “negative” results on clinical management is poorly studied. Routine mucosal biopsy in all paediatric endoscopies is common practice. We aimed to assess the impact of normal endoscopy on patient care, defined by symptom improvement and discharge from hospital follow-up, and calculate the correlation between endoscopic and histological findings. Methods. Retrospective analysis of the first diagnostic endoscopy in children (2015–2019) from Evelina London Children’ Hospital, in London, UK. Endoscopy and histology findings were recorded. Symptoms and follow-up were reviewed up to six months after the endoscopy. Results. 362 children were included; 46.7% were female. Mean age 10.5 (±4.1) years, 66.3% underwent OGDs, and 33.7% underwent combined OGD and colonoscopies. 72.9% of endoscopies and 57.2% of all biopsies were normal. There was a strong positive correlation between endoscopic findings and biopsy results (phi 0.68 p < .001 ). 31.2% of children reported symptom improvement and were discharged from further follow-up after undergoing endoscopy after 1.9 (±1.5) clinics, phi 0.2 p < 0.001 between normal endoscopy and discharge. Conclusion. Negative endoscopy appears to influence clinical management and discharge from hospital follow-up in about a third of children undergoing endoscopy. The practice of routine biopsies in all paediatric endoscopies should be considered due to a strong positive correlation between normal endoscopies and normal biopsies.

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Aims and objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), is a condition that causes proliferation of the cells of the prostate causing urine retention, renal insufficiency, bladder calculi, recurrent lower urinary tract infections (LUTS) and in complicated cases hematuria with unbearable pain. The trial was conducted to study the safety and efficacy of a novel herbal product Verona anti- BPH capsules at a local clinic of Sharafi Goth, Karachi Pakistan. Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of a major condition. The prevalence of the diseases increases to around 8-60% in men at age of 40 years which is caused mainly by a hormonal change, lifestyle changes or diet. The disease is mainly defined as an increased cellular proliferation of the prostate glands or an enlarged prostate. 50% men of age 65 years and above of the total population of Pakistan are at risk of having benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Method: This was a single blind, placebo control phase I clinical trial. A total of 35 patients were enrolled in the study, out of which 2 patients got dropped out. 23 patients received Verona anti-BPH capsules and 10 patients received placebo. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Results: Verona Anti-BPH capsules were found safe and effective in the treatment of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (anti-BPH) Conclusion: Verona Anti-BPH capsules were known to be effective with no harmful side effects.

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