Introduction: Diarrhea is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality of children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Acute diarrhea can occur from a large number of causes. We aim to describe the clinical manifestation characteristics of acute diarrhea on pediatric patients that are presented to the hospital.Methods: A cross-sectional study from all pediatric patients treated in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya in 2011-2013.Age, gender, nutritional status, length of hospital stay, duration of breastfeeding, clinical signs and symptoms, as well as laboratory results collected and analyzed descriptively.Results: One hundred and fifty patients were included with characteristics of male(54%), infant (55.3%)with a mean age of 6-7 month. History of being exclusively breastfed(54%) and lack of nutrition(48%). Vomiting is mostly present (72.7%) and commonly come with a combination of two symptoms (42%) which were vomiting and fever. Mild to severe dehydration degree could be found on the patient who had vomiting, seizure, and fever. The most length of stay was frequently >72 hours. The occurrence of acute diarrhea on a child who was treated in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya is dominated by vomiting and it could be inferred that the most acute diarrhea has a tendency of being caused by a virus, where liquid acute diarrhea without blood, mucus, or fever is found.Conclusion: The etiology of acute diarrhea is mostly caused by viruses and symptoms dominated by a combination of vomiting, fever, and diarrhea without blood caused by villi damage.

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Introduction: Beta-lactam antimicrobials are the most often antibiotic used for the treatment of infections worldwide, including Indonesia. Continuous exposure of these antimicrobials will induce the increasing of antimicrobial resistance, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). The carrier of ESBL among people will be serve as a risk factor to get an infection, especially among low immune response hospitalized patients. The aims of this study was to explore the ESBL producing gut flora and carrier rate among children visiting Primary Health Center (PHC) in Surabaya. The cross sectional study was conducted in three PHCs since February 2019 until April 2019. The total 200 children were swabbed from rectal, 100 from neonatal age and 100 from post neonatal age, then sub-cultured in MacConkey medium supplemented with cefotaxime 2 micrograms per milliliter. The growth colonies were then confirmed by DDST (Double Disk Synergy test) for ESBL producer and biochemical test for bacterial diagnosis. Result: Among 100 neonatal age were identified 14 (14%) producing ESBL consist of 9 (64,3%) ESBL producing Escherichia coli,5 (35,7%) ESBL producing non Escherichia coli. Whether among 100 post neonatal age were 37 (37%) producing ESBL consist of 25 (67,6%) ESBL producing Escherichia coli and 12 (32,4%) producing ESBL non Escherichia coli. Conclusion:Prevalence ESBL producing Escherichia coli on post neonatal age was significantly different than neonatal age (p = 0,001). Risk Factors of ESBL producing Escherichia coli on Post neonatal age and neonatal age are history of visiting hospital (p = 0,026), history of antibiotics used by mother (p = 0,043), mode of delivery (p = 0,032