Background Cognitive stimulation therapy appears to show promising results in the rehabilitation of impaired cognitive processes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Objective Encouraged by this evidence and the ever-increasing use of technology and artificial intelligence for therapeutic purposes, we examined whether cognitive stimulation therapy implemented on a mobile device and controlled by an artificial intelligence engine can be effective in the neurocognitive rehabilitation of these patients. Methods In this randomized study, 29 child participants (25 males) underwent training with a smart, digital, cognitive stimulation program (KAD_SCL_01) or with 3 commercial video games for 12 weeks, 3 days a week, 15 minutes a day. Participants completed a neuropsychological assessment and a preintervention and postintervention magnetoencephalography study in a resting state with their eyes closed. In addition, information on clinical symptoms was collected from the child´s legal guardians. Results In line with our main hypothesis, we found evidence that smart, digital, cognitive treatment results in improvements in inhibitory control performance. Improvements were also found in visuospatial working memory performance and in the cognitive flexibility, working memory, and behavior and general executive functioning behavioral clinical indexes in this group of participants. Finally, the improvements found in inhibitory control were related to increases in alpha-band power in all participants in the posterior regions, including 2 default mode network regions of the interest: the bilateral precuneus and the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex. However, only the participants who underwent cognitive stimulation intervention (KAD_SCL_01) showed a significant increase in this relationship. Conclusions The results seem to indicate that smart, digital treatment can be effective in the inhibitory control and visuospatial working memory rehabilitation in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Furthermore, the relation of the inhibitory control with alpha-band power changes could mean that these changes are a product of plasticity mechanisms or changes in the neuromodulatory dynamics. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN71041318; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN71041318

Normal aging is associated with deficits in working memory processes. However, the majority of research has focused on storage or inhibitory processes using unimodal paradigms, without addressing their relationships using different sensory modalities. Hence, we pursued two objectives. First, was to examine the effects of aging on storage and inhibitory processes. Second, was to evaluate aging effects on multisensory integration of visual and auditory stimuli. To this end, young and older participants performed a multimodal task for visual and auditory pairs of stimuli with increasing memory load at encoding and interference during retention. Our results showed an age-related increased vulnerability to interrupting and distracting interference reflecting inhibitory deficits related to the off-line reactivation and on-line suppression of relevant and irrelevant information, respectively. Storage capacity was impaired with increasing task demands in both age groups. Additionally, older adults showed a deficit in multisensory integration, with poorer performance for new visual compared to new auditory information.

We present a review of recent advances in the functional study of cortical language reorganization by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG). Initially we review some basic concepts on biomagnetism, necessary to understand the characteristics distinguishing MEG from others functional neuroimaging tools, namely: a high temporal resolution, an acceptable spatial resolution, no need of reference and a non-invasive method to collect brain activity. The main research for validation of MEG language mapping is reviewed, comparing its ability with other techniques such as Wada test or electric cortical stimulation. We also examine several studies on atypical language neural representation without brain damage. Finally, we reveal recent advances regarding neural correlates for developmental dyslexia and recovery of language skills after many types of brain damage. Taking into account its particular features, MEG can provide a new and revealing approach to the study of plastic changes in the fronto-temporo-parietal cortical network, which sustains language processing.

BACKGROUND Cognitive stimulation therapy appears to show promising results in the rehabilitation of impaired cognitive processes in ADHD. OBJECTIVE Encouraged by this evidence, and the ever-increasing use of technology and artificial intelligence for therapeutic purposes, we have studied whether cognitive stimulation therapy implemented on a mobile device and controlled by an artificial intelligence engine can be effective in the neurocognitive rehabilitation of these patients. METHODS In this randomized study, 29 child-adolescent subjects (25 males) underwent training with a smart, digital, cognitive stimulation program (KAD_SCL_01®) or with three commercial video games for 12 weeks, 3 days a week, 15 minutes a day. Participants completed a neuropsychological assessment and a pre-intervention and post-intervention magnetoencephalography study in resting state with their eyes closed. In addition, information on clinical symptoms was collected from the child's legal guardians. RESULTS In line with our main hypothesis, we found evidence that smart, digital, cognitive treatment results in improvements in inhibitory control performance. Improvements were also found in visuospatial working memory performance and in the Cognitive flexibility, Working Memory, Behavior and General Executive Functioning behavioural/clinical indexes in this group of subjects. Lastly, the improvements found in inhibitory control were related to increases in alpha-band power in posterior regions and in the default mode network in all subjects. However, only the subjects who underwent cognitive stimulation intervention (KAD_SCL_01®) significantly increased this relationship. CONCLUSIONS The results seem to indicate that smart, digital, treatment can be effective in the process of neurocognitive and neurofunctional rehabilitation in patients with ADHD. CLINICALTRIAL Trial registration: ISRCTN71041318.

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