This paper provides an overview of the main manufacturing technologies of displays, focusing on those with low and ultra-low levels of power consumption, which make them suitable for current societal needs. Considering the typified value obtained from the manufacturer's specifications, four technologies-Liquid Crystal Displays, electronic paper, Organic Light-Emitting Display and Electroluminescent Displays-were selected in a first iteration. For each of them, several features, including size and brightness, were assessed in order to ascertain possible proportional relationships with the rate of consumption. To normalize the comparison between different display types, relative units such as the surface power density and the display frontal intensity efficiency were proposed. Organic light-emitting display had the best results in terms of power density for small display sizes. For larger sizes, it performs less satisfactorily than Liquid Crystal Displays in terms of energy efficiency.

by non-industrialized cultures in the arid regions of the Americas for thousands of years (Ervin 2012). In its native range, Opuntia species also provide food for innumerable herbivores (Mellink and Riojas-López 2002), which underscores the ecological importance of the genus. In other areas, Opuntia species have been introduced into wildlands and pastures with non-desirable consequences due to the extensive invasion of escaped plants (Cronk and Fuller

The study of a variety of substituted sulfoxides as chiral auxiliaries in intermolecular Heck reactions of sulfinyldihydrofurans and sulfinylcyclopentenes with different iodoarenes is reported. In the presence of [Pd(OAc)2]/Ag2CO3 and a bidentate phosphine ligand, synthetically useful yields and asymmetric inductions were obtained. By far the best diastereoselectivities were obtained by the use of the palladium-coordinating O-(N,N-dimethylamino)phenylsulfinyl group. By final removal of the chiral auxiliary, these sulfoxide-stereocontrolled asymmetric Heck processes were applied to the enantioselective synthesis of 1-aryl-substituted and 1,3-diaryl-substituted dihydrofurans and cyclopentenes.

Software performance anomaly detection is a major challenge in complex industrial cyber-physical systems. The automated comparison of runtime execution metrics to reference ones provides a potential solution. We introduce the concept of software passports, intended to act as a signature construct for runtime performance behaviour of reference executions. Our software passport design is based on Extra-Functional Behaviour (EFB) metrics. Amongst such metrics, our focus has been especially on CPU time, read and write communication event counts of different processes. The notion of phases for systems with repetitive tasks during their execution and its fundamental role in our software passports has also been elaborated. We employ regression modelling of our collected data for comparative purposes. The comparison reveals inconsistencies between the execution at hand and the software passport, if present. Such inconsistencies are strong indicators for presence of performance anomalies. Our design is capable of detecting synthetically introduced performance anomalies to the real execution tracing data from a semiconductor photolithography machine.

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