ABSTRACT. In this study, we identified simple sequence repeat, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to white mold disease in common bean progenies derived from a cross between lines CNFC 9506 and RP-2, evaluated using the oxalic acid test and using Bayesian analysis. DNA was extracted from 186 F 2 plants and their parental lines for molecular analysis. Fifteen experiments were carried out for phenotypic analysis, which included 186 F 2:4 progenies, the F 1 generation, the F 2 generation, and the lines CNFC 9506, RP-2, and G122 as common treatments. A completely randomized experimental design with 3 replications was used in controlled environments. The adjusted means for the F 2:4 generation were to identify QTLs by Bayesian shrinkage analysis. Significant differences were observed among the progenies for the reaction to white mold. The moving away method under the Bayes- Identification of QTLs for resistance to white mold ian approach was effective for identifying QTLs when it was not possible to obtain a genetic map because of low marker density. Using the Wald test, 25 markers identified QTLs for resistance to white mold, as well as 16 simple sequence repeats, 7 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, and 2 sequence-related amplified polymorphisms. The markers BM184, BM211, and PV-gaat001 showed low distances from QTLs related white mold resistance. In addition, these markers showed, signal effects with increasing resistance to white mold and high heritability in the analysis with oxalic acid, and thus, are promising for marker-assisted selection.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the reaction of common bean lines to white mold, the aggressiveness of different Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from various common bean production areas in Brazil, and comparison of the diallel and GGE (genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction) biplot analysis procedures via study of the line-by-isolate interaction. Eleven common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lines derived from 3 backcross populations were used. Field experiments were performed in the experimental area of the Departamento de Biologia of the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil, in the 2011 and 2012 dry crop season and 2011 winter crop season through a randomized block design with 3 replications. This study was also set up in a greenhouse. Inoculations were performed 28 days after sowing by means of the straw test method. The reaction of the bean lines to white mold was assessed according to a diagrammatic scale from 1 (plant without symptoms) to 9 (dead plant). Estimations of general reaction capacity (lines) and general aggressiveness capacity (isolates) indicated different horizontal levels of resistance in the lines and levels of aggressiveness in the isolates. Therefore, it was possible to select more resistant lines and foresee those crosses that are the most promising for increasing the level of resistance. It was also possible to identify the most aggressive isolates that were more efficient in distinguishing the lines. Both diallel and GGE biplot analyses were useful in identifying the genotypic values of lines and isolates.

-A backcross breeding program between commercial common bean cultivars (VC3 and M20)

seleção fenotípica e de seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares (SAM). Foram avaliadas 394 famílias, de quatro populações, e seus seis genitores, no Município de Lavras, em dois experimentos: um na geração F 3:4 , na safra das águas de 2005/2006, em látice simples 20x20; e outro na geração F 3:5 , na safra da seca de 2006, em látice triplo 20x20. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos, e foi realizada a genotipagem das famílias, com marcadores microssatélites associados a QTL controladores da produção de grãos, previamente identifi cados. Também foram realizadas análises de associação por marcas simples, entre os marcadores e a produção de grãos, e foi obtido um índice para a SAM. A ampla variabilidade entre famílias e as altas estimativas de herdabilidade possibilitaram obter elevados ganhos com a seleção fenotípica. Os marcadores explicaram pequena percentagem da variação fenotípica e apresentaram alta interação QTL x ambiente e QTL x população. A SAM gerou baixos ganhos e a coincidência de famílias selecionadas pelas duas metodologias foi baixa, o que evidencia, neste caso, a inefi ciência da SAM, principalmente pela pouca disponibilidade de marcadores ligados a QTL.Termos para indexação: Phaseolus vulgaris, QTL, locos de características quantitativas, associação por marcas simples, ganho genético, herdabilidade, microssatélites. Phenotypic and marker-assisted selection of common bean families with high grain yieldAbstract -The objective of this work was to select common bean families with high grain yield, using phenotypic and marker-assisted selections (MAS). Evaluations were made for 394 families of four populations and their six parents, in Lavras county, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two fi eld experiments were conducted: one in the F 3:4 generation, in the rainy season of 2005/2006, using a 20x20 simple lattice design; and other in the F 3:5 generation, in the dry season of 2006, using a 20x20 triple lattice design. Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated, and the families were genotyped with microsatellite markers for grain yield quantitative trait loci (QTL), that had been identifi ed previously. Simple marker association analysis was performed between markers and grain yield, and an index was estimated for MAS. The high variability between families and the heritability estimates made high genetic gains possible through phenotypic selection. The markers explained a small percentage of phenotypic variation, and presented high QTL x environment and QTL x population interactions. The MAS achieved small gains, with low coincidence of families selected by both methodologies, showing, in this case, that the MAS ineffi ciency was mainly due to the low number of available markers.Index terms: Phaseolus vulgaris, QTL, quantitative trait loci, simple marker association analysis, genetic gain, heritability, microsatellites. IntroduçãoEm programas de melhoramento de feijoeirocomum, grande atenção deve ser dada à seleção de famílias segregantes promissoras, que darão origem a novas linhagens e cu...

This study was carried out in order to verify whether natural selection acts on segregating common bean populations grown in the presence and absence of N, and to verify that natural selection affects the frequency of microsatellite alleles specifically, and in order to identify those that can assist in selection. Four populations from the crosses Ouro Negro x CI-107 and VC-5 x IAPAR-81 were carried forward in bulk to F8 at both levels of N. Ouro Negro and VC-5 are considered stress tolerant to nitrogen and IAPAR-81 and CI-107 responsive. One hundred progenies were obtained from each cross and grown in the presence and absence of N. DNA was extracted from 400 progenies, of which 194 were evaluated in the rainy season and 79 in the winter crop for grain yield. These progenies were evaluated in two separate experiments with and without N, in a 14 x 14 lattice design during rainy season and 9 x 9 in the winter season. We selected 35 pairs of polymorphic primers from the parents, with 20 being common from the two crosses. Using DNA of the 400 progenies, it was found that natural selection acted in 33 loci, in at least one environment and cross, and that alleles of the four parents were favoured by natural selection. QTLs were identified for the response rate of N and for grain yield and the linked markers are potential for assisted selection, especially the two most stable; BMD-20, in response to the use of N and PVBR-93 for grain yield.