Background. Urinary tract infections remain one of the urgent problems in the aspect of qualified medical care. The causative agents of nosocomial infections are becoming more and more resistant to the drugs used, while the rate of new drugs synthesis is lower than the rate of development of antibiotic resistance. Routine and empirical prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections is often ineffective. Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of intravesical application of the drug based on bacteriophages in therapy in patients with chronic recurrent cystitis. Materials and methods. A clinical study was carried out to study the efficacy and safety of the drug for intravesical administration based on bacteriophages in therapy in patients with chronic recurrent cystitis. The study included 75 patients who were divided into 3 groups in a 1: 1: 1 ratio. In the main group, the drug for intravesical administration based on bacteriophages, as well as rectal suppositories with bacteriophages were used; in the control group only a drug for intravesical administration based on bacteriophages or rectal suppositories with bacteriophages. On visits 1-4, all patients underwent a clinical blood test, general urine analysis, bacteriological urine analysis, as well as urine analysis by the polymerase chain reaction method. The analysis of the patients condition in groups was carried out according to the dynamics of main clinical symptoms changes, data from validated scales for assessing pelvic pain and urgency/frequency of urination and assessment of symptoms of acute cystitis (Acute Cystitis Symptom Score ACSS), as well as the dynamics of changes in objective parameters of laboratory studies and possible changes in sensitivity uropathogens to antibacterial drugs. Results. The average age of the patients included in the study was 50.6 years. In all 3 groups, bacteriological examination of urine showed a predominant growth of Escherichia coli (3104 CFU/ml). In the course of the study, there was a good tolerance to therapy, a decrease in clinical symptoms, as well as a significant decrease in the total score according to the pelvic pain scale and urgency/frequency of urination and the ACSS scale in all patients. Conclusion. The emergence of a large number of microorganisms resistant to various antibiotics and their rapid spread in the environment has led to an increase in scientific interest in bacteriophage therapy as an alternative method of treatment. The overall subjective effectiveness of the therapy in our study was more than 80%, safety - 100%. Further research will allow for a personalized approach to the treatment of infectious diseases of the urinary system.

Introduction. Urolithiasis is one of the most widespread urological diseases and infectious complications remain one of the most common adverse events after surgical interventions for urolithiasis. Currently, in routine clinical practice in most clinics in the country, for the purpose of postoperative control and detection of infectious complications is used: a clinical blood test with assessment of the dynamics of the blood leukocyte count. Unfortunately, the current edition of the clinical guidelines does not contain recommendations on what indicators of postoperative follow-up examinations the clinician should focus on in order to identify infectious and inflammatory complications. For this reason, the study of the value of other markers of the inflammatory response appears to be an actual task.Objective. To assess the relationship between the dynamics of laboratory markers of infectious-inflammatory complications and the incidence of infectious-inflammatory response after endoscopic stone removal.Materials & methods. The prospective cohort study included 217 patients diagnosed with urolithiasis and underwent surgical removal of stones by endoscopic method. Of total patient numbers, 43 patients underwent ureteroscopy (URS) with lithotripsy, 152 patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL), and 22 patients underwent flexible ureterolithotripsy with lithotripsy. An analysis of demographics, clinical parameters and postoperative complications was performed as a descriptive analysis. Patients underwent a standard list of laboratory and instrumental examination methods. The mandatory control of body temperature was carried out t.i.d. daily. Before surgical treatment, indicators of WBC, LYMP, CRP, and ESR content were recorded on the first and second days after surgical treatment.Results. Postoperative fever was recorded in 40 (18.5%) patients. During the postoperative period, an increase in CRP and ESR was observed in both the fever and the normal temperature group, exceeding the reference values on the first day. At the same time, in the fever group (in 40 patients — 18.5%), a significantly higher increase in CRP and ESR was observed (685% vs 323%) for CRP and (146% vs 80%) for ESR. According to the results obtained in our study, CRP and ESR indicators demonstrate the most clinically significant dynamics in patients with postoperative fever, increasing by more than 500% and 100%, respectively.Conclusions. Endoscopic removal of urinary stones is a safe treatment option in patients with sterile urine cultures. After endoscopic stone removal, all patients experience such reactive changes in peripheral blood parameters as: an increase in the level of leukocytes, lymphopenia, an increase in ESR and CRP levels. Indicators of CRP and ESR demonstrate the most clinically indicative dynamics.

One key aspect in treating any cancer is timely diagnosis and treatment. Obtaining the right diagnosis depends mainly on running the biopsy algorithm. Most studies show a significant increase in sensitivity and specificity in the targeted tissue sampling method compared to standard biopsy. The human factor can result in more medical errors. This can be solved by replacing the standard biopsy method with a more advanced one. The human factor is excluded from the biopsy sampling process using the semi-automatic robotic biopsy needle guidance. This paper presents a literature review development in robot assisted prostate biopsy. A literature review was performed using PubMed and Scopus databases. Papers reporting on experiments using semi-automatic robotic systems were included. Using the literature, we described the prerequisites for the development the software for semi-automatic targeted biopsy to increase the sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer diagnosis.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence, which is a set of algorithms, currently does an impressive amount of work related to its analysis and processing. The use of the computing power of a large number of simple processors, as well as the compilation of a mathematical model for their joint operation based on the principle of organizing neural networks of cells of living organisms, constitutes an artificial neural network. Such a system is not programmed at the development stage into a final consumer product (as is usually the case, for example, with the software of a device), but «teaches» throughout its entire operation. «Teaching» is about finding the percentage relationship between neurons and input data, which ultimately leads to the identification of complex relationships between the provided data. These properties of training neural networks are already helping doctors in their work, making it easier and providing more readable data. Purpose of the study: to update information about the use of modern technologies for teaching neural networks in the healthcare sector. Tasks: to consider the terminology and designate technologies in Data Science used in healthcare; to find on peer-reviewed resources information about modern approaches to the analysis of accumulated information and present it in a public language; to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of using deep teaching of neural networks; detail the «future» of deep teaching of neural networks in healthcare. Results: a complex system of interconnection between neurons of a neural network with a correctly written program code, together with relevant and verified information, makes it possible to accurately find correlations of many statistical indicators in the field of healthcare. This fact will ultimately lead to improved medical care. A neural network can handle large amounts of information much faster and more accurately, which is a huge step towards personalized medicine. This became possible due to the accumulation of a sufficient amount of data in digital form, as well as the achievement of sufficient technical progress in the field of deep teaching of neural networks.

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