BackgroundManagement of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is affected by regional specificities. The present study aimed at determining diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including outcome of patients with NSCLC stage III in the real-world setting in Central European countries to define areas for improvements.Patients and methodsThis multicentre, prospective and non-interventional study collected data of patients with NSCLC stage III in a web-based registry and analysed them centrally.ResultsBetween March 2014 and March 2017, patients (n=583) with the following characteristics were entered: 32% females, 7% never-smokers; ECOG performance status (PS) 0, 1, 2 and 3 in 25%, 58%, 12% and 5%, respectively; 21% prior weight loss; 53% squamous carcinoma, 38% adenocarcinoma; 10% EGFR mutations. Staging procedures included chest X-ray (97% of patients), chest CT (96%), PET-CT (27%), brain imaging (20%), bronchoscopy (89%), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) (13%) and CT-guided biopsy (9%). Stages IIIA/IIIB were diagnosed in 55%/45% of patients, respectively. N2/N3 nodes were diagnosed in 60%/23% and pathologically confirmed in 29% of patients. Most patients (56%) were treated by combined modalities. Surgery plus chemotherapy was administered to 20%, definitive chemoradiotherapy to 34%, chemotherapy only to 26%, radiotherapy only to 12% and best supportive care (BSC) to 5% of patients. Median survival and progression-free survival times were 16.8 (15.3;18.5) and 11.2 (10.2;12.2) months, respectively. Stage IIIA, female gender, no weight loss, pathological mediastinal lymph node verification, surgery and combined modality therapy were associated with longer survival.ConclusionsThe real-world study demonstrated a broad heterogeneity in the management o f stage III NSCLC in Central European countries and suggested to increase the rates of PET-CT imaging, brain imaging and invasive mediastinal staging.
Metastases to gastrointestinal or gynaecological tracts are more likely in invasive lobular carcinoma than invasive ductal cancer. The pathologist should determine whether or not they check estrogen and progesterone receptor status not simply by signet ring cell morphology but also by consideration of clinic-pathological correlation of the patient, such as the presence of a past history of breast cancer, or the colorectal localization of poorly differentiated carcinoma, which may occur less frequently than in the stomach.
In a 2-year-old girl a blue rubber-bleb-nevus syndrome is described. Apart from cutaneous hemangiomas, pronounced hemangiomas of the urinary bladder were diagnosed and treated by laser surgery. The features of the disorder are discussed as a special clinical condition within the framework of this syndrome.
SouhrnVýchodiska: Zhoubné nádory ledvin představují přibližně 2-3 % všech malignit. Česká republika celosvětově dosahuje prvenství v incidenci zhoubných nádorů ledvin. Nejčastější je světlobuněčný karcinom, který představuje přibližně 70 % všech renálních karcinomů. V léčbě metastatického renálního karcinomu (metastatic renal cell cancer -mRCC) došlo v poslední době k významnému rozšíření léčebných možností. Léčba zahrnuje antiangiogenní přístup inhibicí receptoru pro vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor, inhibice dráhy mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) a imunoterapii. Cíl: Cílem přehledového článku je pohled na aktuální léčebné možnosti mRCC. U pacientů v dobrém výkonnostním stavu a s menším rozsahem systémové diseminace lze zvážit provedení cytoredukční nefrektomie. V případě oligometastatického onemocnění lze zvážit použití ablačních metod, např. stereotaktické radioterapie. V 1. linii léčby mRCC dominuje podání sunitinibu nebo pazopanibu, které lze považovat v účinnosti za rovnocenné. K výrazné změně dochází v léčbě 2. a vyšší linie, kde se uplatňují nové léky jako kabozantinib či možnosti imunoterapie zastoupené nivolumabem. Optimální sekvence léčby mRCC je otázkou aktuální diskuze. Dále probíhá mnoho klinických studií, které hodnotí kombinovanou terapii, jiné práce se věnují hledání využitelného prediktivního bio markeru. Problé-mem bio markerů je nádorová heterogenita karcinomu ledviny. Závěr: Léčba mRCC aktuálně prochází významnými změnami na podkladě výsledků proběhlých klinických studií. Nové postupy budou zahrnovat kombinovanou léčbu, hlavně s využitím imunoterapie. Tato skutečnost se postupně promítá do změny léčebných standardů tohoto onemocnění. Klíčová slova karcinom ledviny -cílená terapie -imunoterapie -metastázy -bio markery AbstractIntroduction: Renal cell cancer accounts for approximately 2-3% of all cases of malignancy. The incidence of kidney cancer in the Czech Republic is the highest in the world. Approximately 70% of renal cell carcinomas are clear-cell renal cancer. Various treatment options for metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) have been developed. Treatment regimens comprise antiangiogenic drugs in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and immunotherapy. Aim: This review provides an overview of the current treatment options for mRCC. Patients with a good performance status and a low systemic disease burden are candidates for cytoreductive nephrectomy. Ablative methods, such as stereotactic radiotherapy, can be used in patients with oligometastatic disease. Sunitinib and pazopanib are preferred first-line treatments for mRCC and provide similar outcomes. Second-line and higher line treatments markedly changed with the development of new drugs, such as cabozantinib and the immunotherapy nivolumab. The optimal treatment sequence for mRCC is discussed. Ongoing studies are evaluating combined treatments and searching for potential bio markers. However, the tumor heterogeneity of renal cell cancer complicates the use of bio marker...
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