The aim: To investigate atherosclerosis of the abdominal part of the aorta and atherosclerosis of the lumbar arteries, aimed at improving surgical tactics during reconstructive interventions on the abdominal part of the aorta in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis. Materials and methods: 20 autopsies were performed. The macro preparation consisted of the part of the abdominal aorta 1х1 sm taken along with a separated lumbar artery for 1-1,5 sm. Histological cuts were coloured with hematoxylin and eosin. The histochemical research was conducted in order to establish changes in all layers of blood vessels. The immunohistochemical research was carried out along with generally accepted histological methods in 10 cases to determine the morphological vessel wall functional state, connective tissue and smooth muscle components. Results: In all cases there were morphological signs of aortic atherosclerosis with different degrees of damage to the lumen. In none of the analyzed cases did we establish pathomorphological signs of atherosclerosis of the lumbar artery distal to the mouth. In the walls of the lumbar arteries, we noted the preservation of the layered structure, the integrity of the endothelial cells, the normal arrangement of smooth muscle cells. Conclusions: It was established that there cannot be the atherosclerotic occlusion of the lumbar artery, since there are no signs of atheromatous lesions in its walls, the structure of all layers is preserved, the endothelial damage is absent, the location and structure of the lining cells is normal.

Summary. Metal hypersensitivity reaction (MHR) is one of the most controversial and complex issues in orthopedic and traumatological practice. An analysis of the English-language literature was carried out in order to determine the current state of the problem in the diagnosis, verification and treatment tactics of patients with a hypersensitivity reaction to orthopedic implants. It was determined that at the moment there is no universal algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology in the world. Currently, the most common diagnostic methods are patch testing and the lymphocyte transformation test, which assess a response, but there is no clear consensus on how these tests should be used in the clinical setting. In the given analysis, the issue of diagnosis and treatment was considered in more detail.

The aim: To establish the possibility of using the atomic force microscope (AFM) to predict the body’s reaction to the implant. Materials and methods: A total of 32 patients, 22 men and 10 women, the average age of the patients was 55±6 years, were included in the study. They performed pre- and post-operative testing of the biocompatibility of orthopedic implant materials with the patient’s body with the help of AFM. Results: According to the research, an increase in pro-inflammatory factors was found, which may indicate a constant inflammatory process, which is probably related to the presence of the implant. Conclusions: On the basis of atomic force spectroscopy, an express method of testing biomaterials for compatibility with the body of a specific recipient and studying the effect of the reactions of recipient tissues on the surface of various implants has been developed. The obtained results can be useful in planning further clinical studies.