The existence of a sex gap in human health and longevity has been widely documented. Autosomal DNA methylation differences between males and females have been reported, but so far, few studies have investigated if DNA methylation is differently affected by aging in males and females. We performed a metaanalysis of 4 large whole blood datasets, comparing 4 aspects of epigenetic age-dependent remodeling www.aging-us.com AGING between the two sexes: differential methylation, variability, epimutations and entropy. We reported that a large fraction (43%) of sex-associated probes undergoes age-associated DNA methylation changes, and that a limited number of probes show age-by-sex interaction. We experimentally validated 2 regions mapping in FIGN and PRR4 genes and showed sex-specific deviations of their methylation patterns in models of decelerated (centenarians) and accelerated (Down syndrome) aging. While we did not find sex differences in the ageassociated increase in epimutations and entropy, we showed that the number of probes having an age-related increase in methylation variability is 15 times higher in males compared to females. Our results can offer new epigenetic tools to study the interaction between aging and sex and can pave the way to the identification of molecular triggers of sex differences in longevity and age-related diseases prevalence.

In an isolated single-particle quantum system, a spatial disorder can induce Anderson localization. Being a result of interference, this phenomenon is expected to be fragile in the face of dissipation. Here we show that a proper dissipation can drive a disordered system into a steady state with tunable localization properties. This can be achieved with a set of identical dissipative operators, each one acting nontrivially on a pair of sites. Operators are parametrized by a uniform phase, which controls the selection of Anderson modes contributing to the state. On the microscopic level, quantum trajectories of a system in the asymptotic regime exhibit intermittent dynamics consisting of long-time sticking events near selected modes interrupted by intermode jumps.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by specific alterations of brain DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns. Age and sex, two major risk factors for AD, are also known to largely affect the epigenetic profiles in brain, but their contribution to AD-associated DNAm changes has been poorly investigated. In this study we considered publicly available DNAm datasets of four brain regions (temporal, frontal, entorhinal cortex, and cerebellum) from healthy adult subjects and AD patients, and performed a meta-analysis to identify sex-, age-, and AD-associated epigenetic profiles. In one of these datasets it was also possible to distinguish 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiles. We showed that DNAm differences between males and females tend to be shared between the four brain regions, while aging differently affects cortical regions compared to cerebellum. We found that the proportion of sex-dependent probes whose methylation is modified also during aging is higher than expected, but that differences between males and females tend to be maintained, with only a few probes showing age-by-sex interaction. We did not find significant overlaps between AD- and sex-associated probes, nor disease-by-sex interaction effects. On the contrary, we found that AD-related epigenetic modifications are significantly enriched in probes whose DNAm varies with age and that there is a high concordance between the direction of changes (hyper or hypo-methylation) in aging and AD, supporting accelerated epigenetic aging in the disease. In summary, our results suggest that age-associated DNAm patterns concur to the epigenetic deregulation observed in AD, providing new insights on how advanced age enables neurodegeneration.

We report Lobachevsky University Database (LUDB) of ECG signals, an open tool for validating ECG delineation algorithms, that is superior to the existing publicly available data bases in several aspects. LUDB contains 200 recordings of 10-second 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) from different subjects, representative of a variety of signal morfologies. The boundaries and peaks of QRS complexes and P and T waves are manually annotated by cardiologists for all recordings and independently for each lead, and all records received an expert classification by abnormalities. We present a case study for the recently proposed wavelet-based algorithm and the broadly used ecg-kit tool, and demonstrate the advantage of multi-lead ECG data analysis. LUDB contributes to the diversity of public databases employed in developing and validating novel ECG analysis algorithms, including the most advanced based on deep learning neural networks.

Many-body localization (MBL) is a result of the balance between interference-based Anderson localization and many-body interactions in an ultra-high dimensional Fock space. It is usually expected that dissipation is blurring interference and destroying that balance so that the asymptotic state of a system with an MBL Hamiltonian does not bear localization signatures. We demonstrate, within the framework of the Lindblad formalism, that the system can be brought into a steady state with non-vanishing MBL signatures. We use a set of dissipative operators acting on pairs of connected sites (or spins), and show that the difference between ergodic and MBL Hamiltonians is encoded in the imbalance, entanglement entropy, and level spacing characteristics of the density operator. An MBL system which is exposed to the combined impact of local dephasing and pairwise dissipation evinces localization signatures hitherto absent in the dephasing-outshped steady state.