The substantial acknowledgement of university-industry (U-I) collaborations as promotor of economic progress, innovativeness and competitiveness fostered a continuous research engagement. At the same time, the U-I literature experienced a notable increase in the past decade, transforming into a multi-faceted and ambiguous research field, characterised by highly complex interlinks. The recent transformation hinders a comprehensive understanding of the latest developments in research directions and their clear delineation. Therefore, the purpose of this bibliometric literature review is to examine the evolution of the field and identify the primary emerging patterns. This paper employs co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling techniques to analyse the U-I publications dataset. The findings indicate that the U-I collaborations research can be systematically clustered, resulting in an interconnected ecosystem consisting of three levels: individual, organisational and institutional, respectively. Thus, this review presents the immense contribution that the analysis of U-I collaborations makes to various research streams. Building on these findings and employing qualitative content analysis on the clustered publications, the paper develops a research agenda that encourages future investigations of previously overlooked features of U-I collaborations in general, and their role across levels of analysis, contexts and stages of the collaboration process in particular.

The increasing importance of academic entrepreneurship as a key mechanism for new innovative advancements and regional economic developments fostered a development of this research domain. The burgeoning literature examining key antecedents and consequences of academic entrepreneurship resulted in complex, multifaceted concept development, which hinder both the possibilities to grasp the crucial interlinkages and a comprehensive assessment of the latest theoretical contributions. Thus, to decrease the current risk of the field's further fragmentation and to support the comparison with the new emerging patterns, this paper seeks to develop new bibliometric insights and outline a nuanced research agenda for further advancements. To conduct a quantitative literature review, this paper employs bibliographic coupling on a sample of 615 Web of Science peer-reviewed articles on academic entrepreneurship. To conduct a comprehensive interpretation of the bibliometric findings, I perform additional hierarchical clustering of the frequent terms and content analysis of the publications. The results indicate that the academic entrepreneurship research field is based on four interconnected clusters: (1) the anatomy of an entrepreneurial university and its main components, (2) university spinoffs and technology commercialization, (3) the identities of academic entrepreneurs and their motivations and barriers in entrepreneurial activities, and (4) knowledge transfer and regional economic impacts. These findings are of high importance to academics who seek to enhance entrepreneurial processes and to policymakers interested in stimulating academic entrepreneurship. Fig. 5 Distribution of author affiliations to organizations based in selected publications (top 25 organizations)

To study the impact of the early-stage USO characteristics on the likelihood to acquire funding and survive on the market (Chapter 4), and delineate different USO types based on self-perceived first-and second-order competences using unsupervised text mining techniques (Chapter 5), this dissertation uses a unique dataset from a Valorisation Grant (VG) programme managed by the Dutch Research Council (NWO; Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) and previously Technology Foundation STW. NWO "ensures quality and innovation in science and facilitates its impact on society. Its main task is to fund scientific research at public research institutions in the Netherlands, especially universities. NWO focuses on all scientific disciplines and fields of research. The funds are allocated by means of a national competition on the basis of quality and independent assessment and selection procedures. NWO plays several roles as a broad, national research organisation that actively contributes to various elements of national science and innovation policy" (NWO 2020). Considering that NWO' funding instruments are primarily sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, and to some degree by other government ministries (e.g. Ministry of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment), NWO aims to provide funding to the best scientific talents and the best research proposals through competition (NWO 2020). In line with the recent literature arguing about the increasing importance of university spin-offs as technology and knowledge transfer mechanisms with a potential to create new economic and societal impact (see, e.g. Bock et al. 2017; François and Philippart 2019; Muscio et al. 2016), NWO recognises the need to provide financial support to leverage the initial venturing stages of academic entrepreneurs. Through the VG programme, NWO seeks to minimise the gap between pre-organisation phase of USOs and the credibility threshold that enables USOs to signal external investors and venture capitalists about their readiness to CHAPTER 2: Mapping the field: A bibliometric analysis of the literature on university-industry collaborations This chapter is published as Skute, I., Zalewska-Kurek, K., Hatak, I., & de Weerd-Nederhof, P. (2019). Mapping the field: a bibliometric analysis of the literature on university-industry collaborations.

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