Urban ARC is the Annual Research Conference of the Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS). The fourth edition of Urban ARC, ‘Equal Cities’, focussed on the conceptual, theoretical and practical understanding of notions of equality and equity in the context of a rapidly urbanising world. Panels engaged with the idea of equity and equality through a range of lenses, across theory and praxis, across geographical and spatial contexts, and discipline and methodologies. The conference was held from 16 to 18 January 2020 at the IIHS Bengaluru City Campus. These Conference Proceedings feature the extended abstracts submitted by the selected participants for Urban ARC 2020.

With a view to scope the tasks under the Tamil Nadu sanitation mission, Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS) carried out a scoping exercise (study) in 2015 to gain an in-depth understanding of the current arrangements and practices in the full cycle of sanitation. The factors incorporated in the study ranged from design and construction practices of on-site sanitation systems to septage collection and waste disposal in Pammal Municipality and two town panchayats of Periyanaicken-palayam and Narasimhanaicken-palayam in Coimbatore.

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