The research design was cross sectional. The study was conducted in the city of Bandung in 2018. The study population was all children aged 4-7 years in Indonesia. The research sample is children aged 4-7 years at the Az Zahra Foundation Bandung. The sample selection and
Abstrak Perencanaan kebutuhan sumber daya manusia kesehatan (SDMK) berdasarkan Permenkes No. 33 Tahun 2015 tentang Pedoman Penyusunan Rencana Kebutuhan SDMK, belum berjalan baik. Tujuan studi ini adalah menilai kegiatan perencanaan kebutuhan SDMK yang berbasis bukti di kabupaten/kota. Berdasarkan temuan yang diperoleh dalam studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan kebijakan dalam proses perencanaan kebutuhan SDMK. Metode kajian ini berupa studi literatur terhadap luaran Riset Ketenagaan di Bidang Kesehatan (Risnakes), hasil-hasil penelitian yang relevan, kepustakaan dan dokumen-dokumen terkait perencanaan SDMK, baik di tingkat nasional maupun daerah. Analisis data dari hasil studi literatur dibuat menggunakan tematik analisis. Pengembangan subtema yang ditetapkan dalam tematik analisis difokuskan untuk menggali permasalahan pada aspek input, proses, dan output dari pelaksanaan perencanaan kebutuhan SDMK pada kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan, permasalahan perencanaan kebutuhan SDMK pada input meliputi kebijakan pemerintah daerah dan manajemen ASN yang kompleks, kompetensi tenaga perencana yang rendah, dukungan pembiayaan yang minim, serta pemanfaatan data dan sistem informasi yang belum optimal. Permasalahan pada proses mencakup belum dipahami dan dilaksanakannya penyusunan kebutuhan SDMK secara tepat. Permasalahan pada output adalah kesenjangan SDMK terkait kecukupan jumlah dan jenis tenaga kesehatan di tingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Menyikapi hal tersebut, pemerintah daerah sebaiknya melakukan perencanaan kebutuhan SDMK berbasis bukti, sehingga dokumen perencanaan mampu memproyeksikan kebutuhan SDMK yang sesuai dengan situasi kesehatan terkini. Kata kunci: SDM Kesehatan (SDMK); perencanaan SDMK, kebutuhan SDMK Abstract Planning for human health resources (HRK) based on Permenkes No. 33 of 2015 concerning Guidelines for the Preparation of HRH Needs Plans, has not gone well. The purpose of this study is to assess the evidence-based HR planning activities in the district / city. Based on the findings obtained in this study it is expected to be a policy input in the HRH needs planning process. The method of this study is in the form of a literature study of Workforce Research on Health Sector (Risnakes), relevance research results, literature and documents related to HRH planning both at national and regional levels. Data analysis of the results of the literature study was made using thematic analysis. The development of subthemes set in the thematic analysis is focused on exploring issues in the aspects of input, process, and output from the implementation of HRH needs planning in districts / cities in Indonesia. The results of the study show that HRK needs planning problems in the input include complex regional government and ASN management policies, low competency of planning personnel and lack of financial support and lack of optimal use of data and information systems. Problems in the process include not yet understood and implemented the preparation of HRH needs appropriately. The problem with outputs is the gap in HRH related to the adequacy of the number and type of health workers at the municipal district level in Indonesia. In response to this, local governments should plan evidence-based HRH planning, so that planning documents are able to project HRH needs in accordance with the current health situation. Keywords: Human Resources for Health (HRH), HRH planning, HRH Need
Abstrak Permenkes 71 tahun 2013 tentang Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional menyebutkan bahwa penyelenggara pelayanan kesehatan meliputi semua fasilitas kesehatan yang bekerja sama dengan BPJS Kesehatan berupa fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama dan rujukan tingkat lanjutan. Minat masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan penyelenggara pelayanan kesehatan dengan JKN akan dipengaruhi beberapa faktor diantaranya persepsi pasien akan mutu pelayanan kesehatan, baik pada pelayanan kesehatan tingkat pertama ataupun pada fasilitas kesehatan rujukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi pasien rawat jalan peserta JKN terhadap penyelenggara pelayanan kesehatan rujukan di Puskesmas X Kota Depok. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang dilaksanakan di Puskesmas X Kota Depok, pada bulan Agustus 2017. Informan dikumpulkan di Puskesmas, kemudian dilakukan focus group discussion (FGD). Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik informan, persepsi masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas dan rumah sakit yang menjadi rujukan Puskesmas X. Pemilihan informan adalah pasien yang pernah berobat di Puskesmas X dan melakukan rujukan ke rumah sakit dalam kurun waktu satu tahun terakhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat terhadap pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas X cukup baik, informasi alur rujukan disampaikan secara jelas. Permohonan rujukan di Puskesmas menurut informan lebih nyaman karena proses rujukan mudah dan pasien mendapatkan rujukan langsung untuk beberapa kali kunjungan ke rumah sakit sehingga tidak harus sering kembali ke Puskesmas. Namun persepsi masyarakat terhadap pelaksanaan pelayanan kesehatan pada rumah sakit rujukan kurang baik karena pelayanan yang diberikan masih jauh dari harapan masyarakat. Kata kunci: Persepsi, Pelayanan kesehatan, Puskesmas, Rujukan Abstract Permenkes 71 of 2013 on Health Services on National Health Insurance states that the providers of health services include all Health Facility in cooperation with BPJS Health in the form of first rate health facilities and advanced level referral. Public interest to utilize health service providers with JKN will be influenced by several factors such as the patient’s perception on the quality of health service, either at first level health service or at referral health facility. To determine the outpatient JKN member’s perception to referal health services at X Public Health Center Depok. The research was descriptive with qualitative approach which was carried out at X Public Health Center Depok, in August 2017. Informants were collected at Puskesmas, then conducted focus group discussion (FGD). The data collected include the characteristics of informants, public perceptions of health services at health centers and hospitals that became the reference of X Community Health Center. Selection of informants were patients who had been treated at X Health Center and made referral to the hospital within the last one year. The results showed that public perception of health service at X Public Health Center was good enough, the referral flow information was presented clearly. Referral application at Puskesmas according to informant is more convenient because the referral process is easy and the patient get direct referral for several visit to hospital so that they do not have to return to Puskesmas often. However, the public perception on the implementation of health service at referral hospital is not good because the service given is still far from the expectation of society. Keywords : Perception, Health Care, Primary Health Care, Referral
Abstrak Setiap puskesmas harus menyelenggarakan Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat (UKM) esensial tanpa melihat kriteria puskesmas. UKM esensial meliputi 5 jenis pelayanan, yaitu promosi kesehatan; kesehatan lingkungan; kesehatan ibu, anak, dan keluarga berencana; pelayanan gizi; dan pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran pelaksanaan UKM esensial di puskesmas terpencil dan sangat terpencil di wilayah Indonesia. Data diperoleh dari hasil survei lokasi calon penempatan tim Nusantara Sehat Tahun 2016 sebanyak 131 unit puskesmas terdiri dari 74 puskesmas terpencil dan 57 puskesmas sangat terpencil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 87,0 persen puskesmas melaksanakan 5 jenis pelayanan esensial dan masih terdapat puskesmas yang hanya melaksanakan 3 jenis pelayanan yaitu sebesar 1,5 persen. Pelayanan kesehatan lingkungan merupakan jenis UKM esensial yang paling banyak tidak dapat diselenggarakan oleh puskesmas. Belum semua jenis tenaga kesehatan ada di puskesmas terpencil dan sangat terpencil. Terkait dengan pelaksanaan UKM esensial jenis tenaga yang masih kurang di daerah terpencil dan sangat terpencil yaitu dokter, tenaga kesling, tenaga pelaksana gizi dan tenaga kesehatan masyarakat. Peningkatkan kemampuan Puskesmas untuk menyelenggarakan UKM esensial secara menyeluruh baik di puskesmas terpencil maupun puskesmas sangat terpencil, perlu didukung dengan tenaga yang memiliki kompetensi sesuai dengan jenis UKM esensial. Abstract Every health center must organized an essential public health effort (essential UKM’s), without looking at the health center’s criteria. Essential UKM’s are consist of five programs, namely health promotion; environmental health; health of maternal, child, and family planning; nutrition services; and prevention and control of diseases. The purpose of this study is to get an overview of the implementation of the essential UKM’s in remote areas and very remote health centers. Data obtained from the survey of Healthy Archipelago team based placement in 2016, as many as 131 units of health centers, consisting of 74 remote area health centers and 57 very remote area health centers. Result of this study showed that 87,0 percent health centers organize a complete 5 programs of essential UKM’s, but there are 1,5 percent of health center that only organize three programs of essential UKM’s. Environmental health was an essential program that most would be un-organized by health center. Not all types of health workers are in remote and very remote health clinics. Associated with the implementation of essential UKM’s, personnels that are still lacking in remote and very remote areas is doctor, environmental health, nutritionist and public health. To improve the ability of the health center organized a complete essential UKM’s throughly both health center in remote areas and very remote areas, need to be supported by of human resources for health who have appropriate competence with essential UKM’s.
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