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This research aimed to find the types of signs using Peircean semiotic theory namely icon, index, and symbol in Banyumas batik motifs. The researchers were going to describe the Banyumas local values depicted in each of the batik motifs. Moreover, Banyumas local values were reflected from the explained batik motifs. This research was a descriptive qualitative research by applying embedded-case study. The research was limited on Banyumas batik motifs which contained natural symbols; they were Jahe Rajang, Lumbon, Babon Angrem, Peksi Gowok, and Serayuan. There were two types of data to be analyzed, namely primary and secondary data. There were two key informants that the researchers met and interviewed to obtain more reliable data. To gain the primary data, the researchers conducted some series of interview with the first informant, a Banyumas batik artisan who was very dedicated to maintain the existence of batik tulis (hand-painted batik). Meanwhile, to gain the secondary data, the researchers visited a Banyumas culture activist. The results show that Banyumas batik motifs are made with certain purposes and meanings. Each of the motifs analyzed in this research carries important signs. It reflects the values and beliefs adhered by the local people. Through these motifs and the appreciation of batik, Banyumas local value like Cablaka (straightforward, honest, and genuine) reflects the index as one type of sign.

Language is deliberately utilized by politicians. Admittedly, it can perform a purposive function: to achieve the politicians’ goals crucially in attempt to gain people’s support. This study is interested in the current political context in the U.S. In the 2020 U.S. presidential election, Donald J. Trump lost in his second election. He, therefore, delivers his response of objection at the “Save America” rally in Washington, D.C. This study is targeted to explore a political speech from the defeated candidate perspective. Recently, rhetorical language in political discourse has been commonly analysed. However, this study contributes to an analysis of rhetorical strategy used in an informal, implicit, and pursuing to protest speech by Trump. This study is designed by a descriptive qualitative approach. The data is the speech text of Trump’s speech on 6th January 2021. Technique of data collection undertakes observation of the speech and the transcript, categorization, and coding. The grand theories include Teun van Dijk’s discourse theory (1980) and Reisigl political speech’s schemes (2008). The results indicate that repetition has become Trump’s most potent strategy in his protest speech. Seemingly, he prefers to utilize the devices that are beneficial for him to emphasize something good about Us and emphasize something bad about Them. This is crucial for him since from the defeated side, it can impress the Republicans to support his objection. Nonetheless, Trump’s capability to persuade the Republicans has caused an impulse, anarchic and illegal movement, which is contrary to their ideal vision to the country.