In many cells and tissues including the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), scaffold proteins are critical in optimizing signal transduction by enhancing structural stability and functionality of their ligands. Recently, mutations in scaffold protein Membrane-Associated Guanylate Kinase Inverted 2 (MAGI-2) encoding gene were identified among the etiology of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). MAGI-2 interacts with core proteins of multiple pathways such as TGF-β signaling, planar cell polarity pathway, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in podocyte and slit diaphragm. Through the interaction with its ligand, MAGI-2 modulates the regulation of apoptosis, cytoskeletal reorganization, and glomerular development. This review aims to summarize recent findings on the role of MAGI-2 and some other scaffold proteins such as nephrin and synaptopodin in the underlying mechanisms of glomerulopathy.

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Background: Activation of renin-Angiotensin system in hypertension was believed to be major determinant in endothelial dysfunction, micro-inflammation, and reactive oxygen species generation. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of increased blood pressure with cardiovascular risk factors in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials & methods: The study was an observational study with cross-sectional design that consecutively enrolled CKD patients in Universitas Airlangga Hospital and two other hospitals in Surabaya, Indonesia. The resting blood pressure and kidney functions of the participants were examined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured in serum and used as oxidative stress markers. Serum hs-C-reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were utilized as inflammatory markers, while urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was used as renal disease marker. The participants were grouped based on their systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). The difference of marker levels between groups was tested using Mann-Whitney test. The correlation between SBP and DBP with inflammation, oxidative stress, and albuminuria was determined using Spearman’s test. Results: As many as 71 patients with CKD were enrolled in this study. As much as 37% of the participants had high SBP and 14% had high DBP. High SBP positively associated with MDA (P<0.05), hs-CRP (P<0.05), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (P<0.05), and ACR (P<0.0001) and negatively with lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (P<0.05) and TAC (P<0.0001). High DBP associated positively with ACR (P<0.05) and negatively with TAC (P<0.05). Conclusions: High systolic or diastolic blood pressure was significantly associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and albuminuria. Optimal blood pressure control may be one of strategies to prevent inflammation and oxidative stress among CKD patients. J MEDICINE JUL 2019; 20 (1) : 12-18

BACKGROUND: Obesity is an important cardiovascular risk factor and associated with low grade inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This study aims to assess the association between body fat with serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level in CKD patients.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 71 CKD patients. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), skinfold thickness (SKF) of triceps and biceps were performed by trained physician. BFP was calculated using Kwok’s Formula and hs-CRP was measured by Particle enhanced Turbidimetry.RESULTS: The averaged BMI of our subjects was 25.8±4.4. There was no significant difference in BMI between pre-dialysis and hemodialysis CKD patients. Positive correlation was found between BFP and hs-CRP (r=0.266; p<0.05), while there was no significant correlation between BMI and hs-CRP.CONCLUSION: Body fat percentage was associated with hs-CRP. Hence, it will be more beneficial to assess nutritional status in CKD using BFP rather than BMI alone since it was demonstrated to correlate with hs-CRP in our studyKEYWORDS: CKD, obesity, inflammation, body fat, hs-CRP