No abstract

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a member of Poaceae family with three agronomic types corresponds to their specific uses namely grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, and forage sorghum. Although sorghum in Indonesia is considered as under-utilized crop, but it has the potential as an alternative resource for staple food in diversification program to support food security. The potential of sorghum as alternative staple food is due to its high nutritional value, and the ability to grow well in marginal lands with maintaining good productivity. The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of morphological variability and to resolve taxonomic relationship of sorghum accessions from Java Island based on morphological characters. Twenty nine sorghum samples were collected from three provinces in Java, namely Central Java, Special Province of Yogyakarta, and East Java. Morphological data observed refers to Descriptors for Sorghum, generating 19 qualitative characters used in cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Cluster analysis resulted in the grouping of 29 accessions into three groups corresponding to the racial classification of sorghum. Results of principal component analysis showed that the main distinguishing characters between groups were inflorescence compactness and shape, glume coverage, presence or absence of awn, presence or absence of grain sub-coat, grain shape, and grain color. Analysis of correlation showed that there were very strong relationship between glume coverage and the presence of awn, and between the presence of grain sub-coat and grain color. Results of this study revealed that sorghum accessions cultivated on Java Island consisted of four races namely Bicolor, Guinea, Caudatum, and Kafir.

Kondisi aseptis mutlak diperlukan dalam kultur jaringan tumbuhan. Salah satu strategi untuk meminimalisasi terjadinya kontaminasi adalah dengan menambahkan senyawa antifungi dan antibakteri. Centella asiatica atau pegagan dikenal sebagai salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa yang bersifat antimikrobia dan antifungi, sebagai antioksidan dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak pegagan yang berpotensi sebagai antikontaminan pada perkecambahan anggrek Dendrobium macrophyllum dalam medium alternatif pupuk daun dan penambahan ekstrak ragi. Penelitian ini menggunakan biji anggrek umur 4 bulan yang ditanam dalam medium VW dan pupuk daun dengan penambahan variasi bahan organik berupa ekstrak ragi dan ekstrak pegagan. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi Media pupuk daun 1,5 g/l, ekstrak ragi 1,25 g/l, dan ekstrak daun pegagan 5 % merupakan media optimal untuk perkecambahan biji anggrek Dendrobium macrophyllum karena dapat bertahan aseptis, memiliki waktu inisiasi biji berkecambah tercepat, jumlah prosentase perkecambahan terbanyak dan warna protocorm hijau segar. Aseptic conditions of explants is absolutely necessary in plant tissue culture. One of strategies to minimize contamination is adding antimicrobial compounds. Centella asiatica is known as one of the plants containing compounds with antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties. This study aimed to determinate the effect of C. asiatica extracts as an anti-contaminant on orchid germination medium. Four months old orchid seeds were planted in medium foliar fertilizer and yeast extract supplemented by C. asiatica extract with various concentration and medium VW as a control. The results showed that the optimum media for orchid seeds germination consisted of 1,5 g/l of foliar fertilizer, 1,25 g/l of yeast extract, 5% of C. asiatica extract based on germination time, the number of protocorm and the fresh green colour of protocorm as compared with other treatments.

Abstract. Martiwi INA, Nugroho LH, Daryono BS, Susandarini R. 2020. Genotypic variability and relationships of Sorghum bicolor accessions from Java Island, Indonesia based on IRAP markers. Biodiversitas 21: 5637-5643. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a multifunctional crop with high adaptability to various habitats and thus it is important to assess the genotypic variability of this crop species. This study aimed to reveal the genotypic variability and relationships of sorghum accessions using inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) molecular markers. Twenty-three sorghum accessions were collected from smallholder farmers in three provinces of Java Island during the 2019 planting season. The IRAP profiles generated using 10 primer combinations produced 233 scorable bands, with degree of polymorphism 75-96.9%. Cluster analysis using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method showed the formation of three groups corresponds to geographic origin of samples. The NJ dendrogram structure indicated high genotypic variability, and was supported by distribution pattern of accessions on the scatterplot constructed using principal coordinate analysis. The grouping of accessions did not correspond to classification of botanical races. Each group recognized from cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis consisted of various races namely Bicolor, Guinea, Caudatum, and Kaffir. The fact that each group consisted of various botanical races indicated local adaptation and the maintenance of genotypic identity through farmers’ selection in traditional cultivation practices. It could be concluded, therefore, that geographical proximity and the practice of seed exchange between different regions showed considerable influence on the genotypic relationships of sorghum accessions.